我的手机，我的寄生虫

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我的手机，我的寄生虫
My mobile, the parasite (634 words)

by Jonathan Guthrie, January 2, 2015 6:52 am

The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is striking, says Jonathan Guthrie.

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While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less malign epidemic is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The outbreak reached its height at Christmas, when gift-giving was predicted to take worldwide shipments of smartphones to a record 1.3bn units in 2014. The total will rise to 1.4bn in 2015, according to IDC, a market research firm.

The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is striking. Viruses and other parasites commandeer larger organisms, usurping resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, feeding on ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied via wire umbilici.

It is tempting to impute a “strategy” to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. Instead, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random mutations, as experimented with by legions of product designers. This makes it all the more potent.

Stephen Hawking believes intelligent machines could take over from humans and wipe us out. He may be the world’s greatest living physicist, but he has not been paying attention. Unintelligent machines have already co-opted humans to serve their interests. Exterminating us would be counterproductive from their point of view, if they had one.

Fans of Apple are unlikely to agree that iPads resemble biological viruses. Peter Balfe, a virologist at the University of Birmingham, is sceptical too. He thinks tablet computers are more like a parasite, such as the single-celled toxoplasma gondii. This completes its life cycle through transmission between cats and mice.

“Toxoplasmosis suppresses the fear response in infected mice,” says Dr Balfe, who explains that they become attracted to cat odours. “They go out ‘looking’ for cats they can be eaten by. Mobile devices are our toxoplasmosis. They change the way we behave.”

Tech addiction occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning” as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a special cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is rewarded with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.

Mobile devices do not “taste” disobedient owners – yet. They do however deliver rewards in measured doses, exploiting our hunger for recognition. We get a jolt of pleasure when we receive a personal email or see an opinion endorsed in a retweet.

Desk-bound PCs were fostering operant conditioning long before the advent of the smartphone. But the latter silicon chip-based quasi-life form feeds more successfully on the energies of the host organism because it accompanies them everywhere.

“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we endlessly look at our phone, seeking rewards?” asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement from an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says.

Tech tycoons would meanwhile argue that the proliferation of mobile devices is a tribute to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been modified by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe.

Fortunately, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to compensate sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free wifi. Most importantly, you can obtain the FT in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup.

In this sense, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it akin to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you. The similarity between the iPhone and a gut micro-organism is one that Apple boss Tim Cook is unlikely to dwell on in his next sales pitch, though.

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关键词：寄生虫 Conditioning Transmission Evolutionary Successfully 寄生虫 手机

来一发

乔纳森格思里说 致病微生物和个人设备之间的相似性是惊人的。


虽然西方ZF担心过埃博拉病毒的威胁，更普遍的，但远远低于恶性疫情正在蔓延，通过他们的人口像冬天流鼻涕：移动个人技术。爆发在圣诞节，当送礼预测采取智能手机的全球出货量达到创纪录的13亿单位在2014年总量将上升到14亿，2015年达到顶峰，据IDC市场研究公司。

疾病的生物体和个人设备之间的相似性是惊人的。病毒和其他寄生虫征用较大生物，盗用资源以繁殖和扩散。智能手机和其他设备做同样的事情，喂养不断增加的大量的经丝umbilici提供人类的关注和电力。

人们很容易推诿一个“战略”这两个噬菌体和phablets，两者都不是有情。相反，这个过程是进化，包括许多随机突变，如通过对产品设计师军团试验了。这使得所有的更有效。

霍金认为，智能机可以接管人类和消灭我们。他可能是世界上最伟大的物理学家，但他并没有被重视。非智能机已经增选人类为自己谋取利益。消灭我们会从他们的角度来看适得其反，如果他们有一个。

苹果的粉丝们不大可能同意的iPad类似于生物病毒。彼得Balfe，病毒学家在伯明翰大学，是持怀疑态度了。他认为，平板电脑更像是一个寄生虫，如单细胞弓形虫。通过这种猫鼠之间的传输完成其生命周期。

“抑制弓形虫感染小鼠的恐惧反应，”Balfe博士，谁解释说，他们成为吸引猫的气味说。 “他们走出去'找'猫，他们可以吃。移动设备是我们的弓形虫病。他们改变我们的行为方式“。

科技瘾是通过积极教训回应，或“操作性条件反射”动物行为学家调用它。科学的并行这里还涉及到一个啮齿动物，通常一只老鼠，它占据着特殊的笼子里被称为斯金纳箱。动物是奖励与食物颗粒解决难题和失败时处以触电。

移动设备不“味道”不听话的业主 - 没有。他们定剂量但是提供奖励，利用我们渴望的认可。我们得到快乐的颠簸，当我们收到个人电子邮件或参见批准的转推的意见。

智能手机出现之前长期伏案绑定的电脑进行培育操作性条件反射。但后者硅片基准生命形式在宿主生物体的能量更成功地馈送，因为它伴随着它们无处不在。

“我们得到荷尔蒙的利好提振，当我们不断地看到我们的电话，寻求回报吗？”问大卫Shuker的，动物行为主义在圣安德鲁斯大学，听起来有点像一个人隐瞒严肃的科学代言的一个想法，记者曾在淋浴。研究是必要的，他说。

高科技富豪会同时认为，移动设备的普及要归功于他们的设计的光彩。这正是人的思维过程已被侵入的伪生物修饰会相信。

幸运的是，移动技术会导致症状比生理性病害较轻。甚至有效益补偿患者为缩短的注意力和咖啡因超载通过访问星巴克的免费WiFi触发。最重要的是，你可以在地方远程阿拉斯加或Sidcup获得FT。

在这个意义上说，移动装置更接近一个共生生物体比寄生虫。这将使它类似于肠道细菌，可以帮助一个人维持生命，而不是病毒，可能会杀了你。在iPhone和肠道微生物之间的相似性是一个苹果的老板蒂姆·库克是不太可能住在他的下一个销售摊位