sas中级讲义

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sas中级讲义.pdf (454.7 KB, 需要: 5 个论坛币)

2015-5-11 20:18:57 上传

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前言...............................................................................................................................1
一、函数篇...................................................................................................................2
（一）字符型函数...................................................................................................................2
1. CAT类函数...................................................................................................................2
2. COMPRESS函数..........................................................................................................2
3. COUNT函数.................................................................................................................4
4. FIND函数.....................................................................................................................4
5. IFC函数........................................................................................................................5
6. PUT函数.......................................................................................................................5
7. REPEAT函数................................................................................................................6
8. SCAN函数....................................................................................................................6
9. SUBSTR函数................................................................................................................6
10. TRANWRD函数.........................................................................................................7
11. LENGTH类函数.........................................................................................................7
（二）数值型函数...................................................................................................................8
1. DIF函数........................................................................................................................8
2. CEIL函数......................................................................................................................8
3. FLOOR函数..................................................................................................................8
4. IFN函数........................................................................................................................8
5. INPUT函数...................................................................................................................9
6. INT函数........................................................................................................................9
7. INTCK函数..................................................................................................................9
8. INTNX函数................................................................................................................10
9. LAG函数....................................................................................................................11
10. ROUND函数............................................................................................................11
（三）日期型函数.................................................................................................................11
1. DATDIF函数..............................................................................................................11
2. DATE函数（TODAY函数）.....................................................................................12
3. DATETIME函数.........................................................................................................12
4. DAY函数....................................................................................................................12
5. MONTH函数..............................................................................................................13
6. YEAR函数..................................................................................................................13
(四) SCL语言函数.................................................................................................................13
1. OPEN函数..................................................................................................................13
2. CLOSE函数................................................................................................................13
3. FETCHOBS函数........................................................................................................14
4. VARNUM函数...........................................................................................................14
5. GETVARC函数/GETVARN函数...............................................................................14
二、SQL篇.................................................................................................................15
（一）单表操作.....................................................................................................................15
（二）多表操作.....................................................................................................................17
1. 多表关联....................................................................................................................18
2. 子查询........................................................................................................................21
3. SET运算符..................................................................................................................22
（三）创建和更新表.............................................................................................................23
1. 创建表........................................................................................................................23
2. 更新表........................................................................................................................23
3. 删除表........................................................................................................................24
（四）运用SQL注意的几个问题...........................................................................................24
三、专题篇.................................................................................................................25
（一）数据字典.....................................................................................................................25
（二）宏变量获取方法.........................................................................................................26
1. 通过LET语句直接赋值............................................................................................26
2. 通过宏函数................................................................................................................26
3. 通过DATA步接口子程序.........................................................................................27
4、通过SQL语句...........................................................................................................27
5. 通过DICTIONARY字典...........................................................................................28
6. 通过宏程序................................................................................................................28
（三）DATA步与PROC步在宏程序中的综合应用.................................................................29
1. 统计表中所有字符型变量为空的概率....................................................................29
2. 重命名SAS数据库中所有数据集.............................................................................30
3. 获取回归方程所有的回归系数................................................................................31
（四）表的合并.....................................................................................................................32
1. SET语句......................................................................................................................33
2. SET/SET语句.............................................................................................................33
3. MERGE语句...............................................................................................................35
4. MODIFY语句.............................................................................................................36
5. UPDATE语句.............................................................................................................39
6. SQL语句.....................................................................................................................40
7. APPEND语句.............................................................................................................40
8. HASH对象..................................................................................................................41
（五）索引.............................................................................................................................43
1. 创建索引....................................................................................................................43
2. 删除索引....................................................................................................................44
3. 若干问题....................................................................................................................44
（六）FORMAT综述.................................................................................................................44
1. PROC步创建..........................................................................................................45
2. DATA步创建..............................................................................................................45
3. 永久存储FORMAT...................................................................................................48
（七）SAS数据集转换为外部文件若干方法.......................................................................49
1. DATA步方法:输出TXT文件......................................................................................49
2. ACCESS方法：输出EXCEL文件.............................................................................50
3. ODS方法：ODS HTML方法和ODS OUTPUT方法................................................51
4. EXPORT方法：输出EXCEL文件.............................................................................52
5. DDE方法：输出EXCEL文件....................................................................................53
（八）若干数据处理的典型案例.........................................................................................54
1. 将数据集拉直(转置).................................................................................................54
2. 取数据集指定记录....................................................................................................55
3. 取数据集条件记录....................................................................................................55
（九）随机抽样方法.............................................................................................................56
1. 简单无重复随机抽样................................................................................................56
2. 分层按比例随机抽样................................................................................................57



四、技巧篇.................................................................................................................61
（一） 获取观测数...............................................................................................................61
（二）最快取数据集最后一条记录.....................................................................................61
（三）SELECT语句、IF/THEN语句和CASE/WHEN语句.........................................................62
（四）DOS在SAS中的应用.....................................................................................................63
（五）让SAS程序随时运行...................................................................................................63
（六）AUTOEXEC应用.............................................................................................................64
（七）永久屏蔽宏代码.........................................................................................................64
（八）ARRAY应用...................................................................................................................65
1. 对数据集所有变量操作............................................................................................65
2. 在考试成绩计算中的应用........................................................................................66
（九）在报告中显示当前数据的最新更新时间.................................................................66
（十）SORT过程的几个常见应用.........................................................................................67
1. 根据BY组变量取每一个BY组的一个值.................................................................67
2. 取重复记录和不重复记录........................................................................................67
（十一）RETAIN应用.............................................................................................................67
1. 更新变量....................................................................................................................68
2. 汇总数据....................................................................................................................68

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