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Clinton Sheppard
Genetic algorithms are one of the tools you can use to apply machine learning to finding good, sometimes even optimal, solutions to problems that have billions of potential solutions. This book gives you experience making genetic algorithms work for you, using easy-to-follow example problems that you can fall back upon when learning to use other machine learning tools and techniques. Each chapter is a step-by-step tutorial that helps to build your skills at using genetic algorithms to solve problems using Python. Download the sample chapters for a brief introduction to genetic algorithms and the writing style used in this book.
Python is a high-level, low ceremony and powerful language whose code can be easily understood even by entry-level programmers. If you have experience with another programming language then you should have no difficulty learning Python by induction.
The code in this book is open source, licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. The final code from each chapter is available for download using a link at the end of the chapter.
About the Author
Clinton Sheppard
I am a polyglot programmer with more than 15 years of professional programming experience. When learning a new programming language, I start with a familiar problem and try to learn enough of the new language to solve it. For me, an engine for solving genetic algorithms is that familiar problem. Why? For one thing, it is a project where I can explore interesting puzzles, and where even a child's game like Tic-Tac-Toe can be viewed on a whole new level. Also, I can select increasingly complex puzzles to drive evolution in the capabilities of the engine. This allows me to discover the expressiveness of the language, the power of its tool chain, and the size of its development community as I work through the idiosyncrasies of the language.
Table of Contents
A brief introduction to genetic algorithms
Chapter 1: Hello World!
Guess a password given the number of correct letters in the guess. Build a mutation engine.
Chapter 2: One Max Problem
Produce an array of bits where all are 1s. Expands the engine to work with any type of gene.
Chapter 3: Sorted Numbers
Produce a sorted integer array. Demonstrates handling multiple fitness goals and constraints between genes.
Chapter 4: The 8 Queens Puzzle
Find safe Queen positions on an 8x8 board and then expand to NxN. Demonstrates the difference between phenotype and genotype.
Chapter 5: Graph Coloring
Color a map of the United States using only 4 colors. Introduces standard data sets and working with files. Also introduces using rules to work with gene constraints.
Chapter 6: Card Problem
More gene constraints. Introduces custom mutation, memetic algorithms, and the sum-of-difference technique. Also demonstrates a chromosome where the way a gene is used depends on its position in the gene array.
Chapter 7: Knights Problem
Find the minimum number of knights required to attack all positions on a board. Introduces custom genes and gene-array creation. Also demonstrates local minimums and maximums.
Chapter 8: Magic Squares
Find squares where all the rows, columns and both diagonals of an NxN matrix have the same sum. Introduces simulated annealing.
Chapter 9: Knapsack Problem
Optimize the content of a container for one or more variables. Introduces branch and bound and variable length chromosomes.
Chapter 10: Solving Linear Equations
Find the solutions to linear equations with 2, 3 and 4 unknowns. Branch and bound variation. Reinforces genotype flexibility.
Chapter 11: Generating Sudoku
A guided exercise in generating Sudoku puzzles.
Chapter 12: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)
Find the optimal route to visit cities. Introduces crossover and a pool of parents.
Chapter 13: Approximating Pi
Find the two 10-bit numbers whose dividend is closest to Pi. Introduces using one genetic algorithm to tune another.
Chapter 14: Equation Generation
Find the shortest equation that produces a specific result using addition, subtration, multiplication, &c. Introduces symbolic genetic programming.
Chapter 15: The Lawnmower Problem
Generate a series of instructions that cause a lawnmower to cut a field of grass. Genetic programming with control structures, objects and automatically defined functions (ADFs).
Chapter 16: Logic Circuits
Build circuits that behave like basic logic gates, gate combinations and finally a 2-bit adder using tree nodes and hill climbing.
Chapter 17: Regular Expressions
Find regular expressions that match wanted strings. Introduces chromosome repair and growth control.
Chapter 18: Tic-tac-toe
Create rules for playing the game without losing. Introduces tournament selection.
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