Spring Cookbook

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Spring Cookbook.pdf (3.06 MB)

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1. Defining a bean explicitly with @Bean
   
2. 
   
3. The simplest way to define a bean is to create, in a Spring configuration class, a method annotated with @Bean returning an object (the actual bean). Such beans are usually used to configure Spring in some way (database, security, view resolver, and so on). In this recipe, we'll define a bean that contains the connection details of a database.
   
4. 
   
5. How to do it…
   
6. 
   
7. In a Spring configuration class, add a dataSource() method annotated with @Bean and return a Datasource object. In this method, create a DriverManagerDataSource object initialized with the connection details of a database:
   
8. 
   
9. @Bean
   
10. public DataSource dataSource() {
    
11.         DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
    
12.         
    
13.         dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    
14.         dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1");
    
15.         dataSource.setUsername("root");
    
16.         dataSource.setPassword("123");
    
17.          
    
18.         return dataSource;
    
19. }

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1. Defining a bean implicitly with @Component
   
2. 
   
3. Beans don't have to be defined in a Spring configuration class. Spring will automatically generate a bean from any class annotated with @Component.
   
4. 
   
5. Getting ready
   
6. 
   
7. We will use the basic web application created in the Creating a Spring web application recipe in Chapter 1, Creating a Spring Application.
   
8. 
   
9. Create the com.springcookbook.service package and the following service class in it:
   
10. 
    
11. public class UserService {
    
12.   public int findNumberOfUsers() {
    
13.     return 10;
    
14.   }
    
15. }
    
16. How to do it…
    
17. 
    
18. Here are the steps to define a bean by adding @Component to an existing class:
    
19. 
    
20. In the Spring configuration file, in the @ComponentScan class annotation, add the com.springcookbook.service base package:
    
21. @Configuration
    
22. @EnableWebMvc
    
23. @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.springcookbook.controller", "com.springcookbook.service"})
    
24. public class AppConfig {  
    
25. }
    
26. In the UserService class, add @Component:
    
27. @Component
    
28. public class UserService {
    
29.   public int findNumberOfUsers() {
    
30.     return 10;
    
31.   }
    
32. }

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1. Using a bean via dependency injection with @Autowired
   
2. 
   
3. Spring configuration beans, such as the one in the Defining a bean explicitly with @Bean recipe are automatically discovered and used by Spring. To use a bean (any kind of bean) in one of your classes, add the bean as a field and annotate it with @Autowired. Spring will automatically initialize the field with the bean. In this recipe, we'll use an existing bean in a controller class.
   
4. 
   
5. Getting ready
   
6. 
   
7. We will use the code from the Defining a bean implicitly with @Component recipe, where we defined a UserService bean.
   
8. 
   
9. How to do it…
   
10. 
    
11. Here are the steps to use an existing bean in one of your classes:
    
12. 
    
13. In the controller class, add a UserService field annotated with @Autowired:
    
14. @Autowired
    
15. UserService userService;
    
16. In a controller method, use the UserService field:
    
17. @RequestMapping("hi")
    
18. @ResponseBody
    
19. public String hi() {
    
20.   return "nb of users: " + userService.findNumberOfUsers();
    
21. }
    
22. In a web browser, go to http://localhost:8080/hi to check whether it's working.

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1. Using a bean directly
   
2. 
   
3. It's possible to get a bean directly from Spring instead of using dependency injection by making Spring's ApplicationContext, which contains all the beans, a dependency of your class. In this recipe, we'll inject an existing bean into a controller class.
   
4. 
   
5. Getting ready
   
6. 
   
7. We will use the code from the Defining a bean implicitly with @Component recipe, where we defined a UserService bean.
   
8. 
   
9. How to do it…
   
10. 
    
11. Here are the steps to get and use a bean directly:
    
12. 
    
13. In the controller class, add an ApplicationContext field annotated with @Autowired:
    
14. @Autowired
    
15. private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
16. In a controller method, use the ApplicationContext object and its getBean() method to retrieve the UserService bean:
    
17. UserService userService = (UserService)applicationContext.getBean("userService");   

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1. Associating a route to a controller method
   
2. 
   
3. In this recipe, you will learn how to define a controller method to be executed for a given route.
   
4. 
   
5. How to do it…
   
6. 
   
7. Here are the steps for creating a controller method for a given route:
   
8. 
   
9. Create a controller class in your controller package (for example, com.springcookbook.controller). This is a normal Java class annotated with @Controller:
   
10. @Controller
    
11. public class UserController {
    
12. ...
    
13. }
    
14. Add a controller method. This is a standard Java method annotated with @RequestMapping, which takes the route as a parameter:
    
15. @RequestMapping("/user/list")
    
16. public void userList() {
    
17. ...
    
18. }

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1. Using a JSP view
   
2. 
   
3. In this recipe, you'll learn how to render and return a JSP view after the execution of a controller method.
   
4. 
   
5. How to do it…
   
6. 
   
7. Here are the steps to create a JSP view:
   
8. 
   
9. Add the Maven dependency for JSTL in pom.xml:
   
10. <dependency>
    
11.   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    
12.   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    
13.   <version>1.2</version>
    
14. </dependency>
    
15. Add a JSP view resolver to the Spring configuration class:
    
16. @Bean
    
17. public ViewResolver jspViewResolver(){
    
18.     InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
    
19.     resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
    
20.     resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/jsp/");
    
21.     resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
    
22.     return resolver;
    
23. }
    
24. Create a controller method:
    
25. @RequestMapping("/user/list")
    
26. public void userList() {
    
27.   ...
    
28. }
    
29. Create the /WEB-INF/jsp/user/list.jsp JSP:
    
30. <html>
    
31. <body>
    
32.   There are many users.
    
33. </body>
    
34. </html>

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1. Passing attributes from a controller to a JSP view
   
2. 
   
3. In this recipe, you'll learn how to set attributes in a controller method and use them in a JSP view.
   
4. 
   
5. How to do it…
   
6. 
   
7. Here are the steps to pass data from a controller to a view:
   
8. 
   
9. Add a Model argument to the controller method:
   
10.   @RequestMapping("/user/list")
    
11.   public void userList(Model model) {
    
12.   ...
    
13. In the controller method, add attributes to the Model object:
    
14. model.addAttribute("nbUsers", 13);
    
15. Use the attributes in the JSP file:
    
16. <p>There are ${nbUsers} users</p>

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