原文作者:Wei Zhang, Yu Liu, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek, Jinnan Wang, Miaomiao Liu, Ling Jiang, Hongqiang Jiang, Nianlei Liu, Pengyan Zhang, Ying Zhou, and Jun Bi
一作单位:State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
期刊名:Environment Science and Technology
期刊月份:2018年5月
关键词: 中国区域间、环境不平等、污染转移
Trade among regions or countries not only allows the exchange of goods and services but also leads to the transfer of pollution. The unequal exchange of goods and services and associated value added and pollution may be subject to environmental inequality in China given that Chinese provinces are in different development stages. By using the latest multiregional input–output tables and the sectoral air pollutant emission inventory in 2012, we traced emissions and value added along China’s domestic supply chains. Here, we show that 62%–76% of the consumption-based air-pollutant emissions of richer regions (Beijing–Tianjin, East Coast and South Coast) were outsourced to other regions; however, approximately 70% of the value added triggered by these region’s final consumption was retained within the region. Some provinces in western China, such as Guizhou, Ningxia, and Yunnan, not only incurred net pollution inflows but also suffered a negative balance of value added when trading with rich provinces. Addressing such inequalities could provide not only a basis for determining each province’s responsibility for pollution control but also a model for other emerging economies.
区域或国家之间的贸易不只交换商品和服务,而且还会导致污染转移。考虑到中国各省处于不同的发展阶段,中国的商品和服务的不平等交换以及相关的增值和污染可能会导致中国环境不平等。目前,大多数研究集中于国际贸易隐含的排放,以及相关的空气质量和公众健康影响,以及在某种程度上中国国内发达地区和欠发达地区之间的不平等关系。但是,中国区域间贸易中隐藏的经济-环境不平等很少被量化。
本文通过使用2012年的多区域投入产出表和部门的各类空气污染物排放清单,追踪了中国国内供应链的排放和增加值。此外,本文还制定了区域环境不平等(REI)指数,通过采用与省际贸易相关的排放量和增加值净转移量来表示两两省份之间的不平等程度。此外,文章还使用大气污染物当量(APE)的方法,来全面反映空气污染的严重程度。本文研究的重点是与国内区域间货物和服务交换相关的空气污染物排放和经济效益的转移,不考虑国际出口中隐含的排放量和增加值。
研究表明,较富裕地区(京津,东海岸和南海岸)消费带来的空气污染物排放的62%-76%转移给其他地区,然而这些地区的最终消费所产生的增加值约70%保留在该地区。 贵州,宁夏,云南等西部地区一些省份不仅产生净污染流入,而且与富裕省份进行贸易时也出现负的增值。解决这种不平等问题不仅可以为各省确定污染控制责任提供基础,而且也为其他新兴经济体提供典范。
目前有关中国区域间商品和服务的贸易所隐含的环境转移研究较少,本文对这个问题进行了量化研究,发现了国内不同区域间环境不平等的关系,为今后制定政策以解决国内区域间环境不平等提供了参考。(3E论文速递)