By Sandra Mitchell, University of Chicago Press 2009
introduction
1
A Case of Complexity
5
Shifting Paradigms in Epistemology
11
2
complexities of organization: how we think about
the world
20
Emergence versus Reduction
21
Kim’s Analysis
26
Scientifi c Emergence
34
3
complexities of evolved diversity: laws
45
Does Biology Have Laws?
50
Contingency versus Natural Necessity
52
Necessity, Possibility, and the Contingent Universe
58
4
science: how we investigate the world
65
Knockout Experiments
66
Redundancy and Robustness
70
Interventionist Causes and Modularity
74
5
policy: how we act in the world
85
Robustness in Scenario Analysis
92
e Case of Genetically Modifi ed Food
97
e Precautionary Principle
100
6
integrative pluralism
105
Integrated Multilevel Explanation
109
Pragmatic Considerations
115
Dynamic Perspectives
117
Notes
121
References
127
Index