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针对每道题详细解答！对于重要考点还有总结！彩色标注，方便阅读！
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27. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed have.
(A) have
(B) has
(C) shall
(D) do
(E) could
思路：.此题考平行：Alleged 所谓的 specify vt 详细列出
释义：没用任何一个去具体化犯罪动机的尝试 解释到 为什么 大部分有所谓的犯罪动机的人没有犯罪，相反地，为什么很多没有犯罪动机的人却犯罪了。
do not commit crimes是句子的谓语，与之对应的是do，指代了commit ,省略了crimes
ABCE 形式均不对等
总结：Helping Verbs=> do,be,have
A)如果用Helping Verbs替代主句Working Verb,被Helping Verb替代的词，一定在前句中出现过。==>即be动词对be动词, do对实意动词, have对完成时
B)有时, Helping Verb是用来替代主句中某个被强调的动词的(不是Working Verb)，此时，被替代的动词形式应该与Helping Verb一致。
C)在比较结构(或对比结构)中，时态发生变化了，后句be动词绝对不能省略。 ==>反向考点：be动词省略了，意味着前后时态一致。
28. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism’s trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it.
(A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it
(B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant
(C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant
(D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating it
(E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant
思路：
A：当动词try 有同意名词attempt时，不用动名词形式 . trying可以用作名词，但通常很奇怪。尤其是跟在所有格后边。（OG原解释）; the chemical that is irritating it 不简洁，it 不能指代organism；
B当动词try 有同义名词attempt时，不用动名词形式 ; trying可以用作名词，但通常很奇怪。尤其是跟在所有格后边。（OG原解释）；trying that it metabolize, 不符合习惯， try to do 是习语
C attempt和try的意思重复了；such无指代，前面并没有出现过a chemical irritant；
D attempt和try的意思重复了 ；the chemical irritating it，不简洁， it不能指代所有格organism；
E: the chemical irritant 是形容词后置， = the chemical that is irritant ;这里or render harmless 相当于插入语；
总结：. 所有格是很挫的指代对象==>除非代词也是所有格形式。
有同义名词就不要用动名词，尤其是在所有格之后。此外，避免所有格！
29. Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else.
(A) Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering
(B) Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
(C) Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering
(D) Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering
(E) Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber
思路：通读全句，大致理解意思，即：Emily Dickinson给他的sister in law写的信是outnumber(远远超过) to anyone else.
A选项，outnumbering不对。
outnumbering her letters to anyone else中的outnumber不是与谓语动词were wirtten同时发生的动作
所以不是第一种情况，也不是表示整个句子的结果。所以不能用分词形式放在句尾。 出现了时间断层，不能表伴随。outnumber这个词。不可能一边outnumber一边写吧？语义
B选项是一个平行的问题，请看题目标注begins和ended不平行;outnumber 和 were written 没有连词连接，使得outnumber显得很多余。
C： 成分残缺，无主动词； 选项还不平行beginning 和 that ends ;
D成分残缺，无主动词 ；ending 和beginning 无连词连接，结构混乱，；outnumbering错误的和beginning 和ending 并列 修饰period.逻辑不合理
.
E:bingo :关于时间的信息很好的包含在两个分词修饰语中，并且修饰语用逗号隔开，结构清晰
Which修饰letters,意思合理
总结：
1.【, V-ing】小结：
A)逻辑主语=句子主语，此时表伴随动作
B)逻辑主语=主句全句，此时表结果状语
C)前方为主系表结构，不表伴随、不表结果，只是对前句的补充说明
需注意：如果产生了时间断层，绝对不可能伴随动作。【也应注意，出现过去和现在的情况，重点肯定是在现在的情况上】
2.which跳跃修饰
在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which可以跳跃修饰前面的核心词 ，但是如果有其他更优选项，最好不要跳跃指代
30.Paleo ntologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.
(A) at 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of
(B) as being 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of
(C) that it is 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was
(D) to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of
(E) as 40 to 44 million years old provides evidence of what was
Along 沿着
思路：
A: Estimate的用法一般是estimate to be +年代，时间。除非说明在哪里estimate的时候，后面estimate+at+地点，否则一般不接at
B:AS being 错误结构； 主语fragments谓语动词应用 复数provide;
C: estimate是修饰fragments的定语，本身不是动词，最好不要再接从句，相当啰嗦，it不能指代fragments ; 主语fragments谓语动词应用 复数provide;
D:BINGO
E: Estimate的用法一般是estimate to be +年代，时间; 主语fragments谓语动词应用 复数provide; what was啰嗦；
31. Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were relatively simple and static, Barbara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983, at the age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.
(A) Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were
(B) Although many of her colleagues were of the conviction of genes being
(C) Contrary to many of her colleagues being convinced that genes were
(D) Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were
(E) Even with many of her colleagues convinced of genes being
思路：这里的考点是比较
A选项，conviction和Barbara比较对象不平行
B选项，红字部分wordy（OG解释） 可以用动词表达，就不用名词形式were of the conviction，being啰嗦
C选项，红字部分的表达法awkward（OG解释）being啰嗦
D bingo:一个独立的从句开头，然后紧跟主句，清晰的做出了对比结构
E选项，Even with many of her colleagues表达不直接！with是不能随便添加的，being多余；with many of her colleagues的逻辑主语是Barbara McClintock不合理。
Adhere to 坚持
总结：contrary to 放句首，不需要比较对象平行
32. Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as a person standing on land.
(A) water as a
(B) water as to a
(C) water; just as it would to a
(D) water, as it would to the
(E) water; just as to the
思路
A ，the same …as …平型结构，to someone 和a person 不平行
B: BINGO
C 分号的作用等同于句号，后面需要完整的主谓结构。这里没动词，并且it不能指代复数主语phenomena
D it不能指代复数主语phenomena，the same …as …结构不平行；
E：分号的作用等同于句号，后面需要完整的主谓结构。此处句子残缺
GMAT_OG语法最全解析及知识点总结（样例）.pdf
(12.76 MB)
GMAT_OG语法最全解析及知识点总结.pdf
(1.38 MB, 需要: RMB 30 元)
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