by Nicholas L. Georgakopoulos (Author)
About the Author
Nicholas Georgakopoulos is the Harold R. Woodard Professor of Law at the Robert H. McKinney School of Law, Indiana University. He is the author of seven books on the law, most recently The Logic of Securities Law (2017).
About this book
Students in various disciplines―from law and government to business and health policy―need to understand several quantitative aspects of finance (such as the capital asset pricing model or financial options) and policy analysis (e.g., assessing the weight of probabilistic evidence) but often have little quantitative background. This book illustrates those phenomena and explains how to illustrate them using the powerful visuals that computing can produce. Of particular interest to graduate students and scholars in need of sharper quantitative methods, this book introduces the reader to Mathematica, enables readers to use Mathematica to produce their own illustrations, and places specific emphasis on finance and policy as well as the foundations of probability theory.
Table of contents
1 The Non-graphical Foundation: Coase and The Law’s Irrelevance 1
1 The Farmer–Rancher Example 2
2 The Polluter–Neighbor Example 3
3 Impediments to Irrelevance: Transaction Costs and Others 4
3. 1 Distribution of Wealth 6
3. 2 Systematic Errors 6
3. 3 Negotiation Holdouts 7
3. 4 Aversion to Risk 8
4 Conclusion 9
5 Exercise 9
2 Introduction to Mathematica: Hello World in Text and Graphics 11
1 Kernel, Notebook, and Cells 11
2 More About Cells 12
3 Simple Commands on the Screen 13
4 Lists and Their Basics 15
5 Table[ ] 18
6 Conclusion 21
7 Exercises 21
3 The Mathematical Frontier: Trigonometry, Derivatives, Optima, Differential Equations 23
1 Trigonometry Illustrated 23
1. 1 An Angle, Its Sine, and Cosine 24
1.2 Tangent and Cotangent, Solve[ ] 26
1. 3 Labels, Creating Functions 29
2 Derivatives and Optimization 33
3 Differential Equations and Transitions in Time 37
4 Conclusion 40
5 Exercises 40
4 Money and Time 43
1 Periodic Compounding 43
2 Continuous Compounding 45
3 Annuities 46
4 Internal Rate of Return 49
5 Risk 50
6 Conclusion 51
7 Exercises 51
5 The Capital Asset Pricing Model 55
1 Diversification and Its Limits 56
2 Undiversifiable Risk 60
3 Measuring Market Risk 61
4 The Capital Asset Pricing Model 64
5 Reconciling with the Practice of Capitalization Using the P/ E Ratio 69
6 Conclusion 70
7 Exercises 71
6 Options 73
1 Types of Options 73
2 Payouts 74
3 Call Option Valuation 76
4 Board Decisions in the Zone of Insolvency 87
5 Executive Compensation 88
6 The Proposal to Restructure by Distributing Options 89
7 Conclusion 90
8 Exercises 90
7 Illustrating Statistical Data 95
1 Simple Settings: Plot the Data 96
1. 1 Crime and Abortions 97
1. 2 Patent Age and Litigation 98
1. 3 Grocery Bags and Infections 99
1. 4 Bar Exam and GPA 101
2 Complex Settings: Plot the Residuals 106
3 Conclusion 110
4 Exercises 111
8 Probability Theory: Imperfect Observations 113
1 Introduction 113
2 When to Add and When to Multiply 114
3 The Rare Disease Paradox 115
4 The Cab Color Paradox 118
5 The Evaluation of Weak DNA Evidence 123
5. 1 1972 San Francisco Against 2003 Database 127
5. 2 The Alternative Suspect Did It 129
5. 3 Someone Not in the Database Did It 132
5. 4 Someone in the Database Did It 133
5. 5 Completing the Analysis 135
6 Judicial and Prosecutorial Error 138
7 Misperception of Probability: The Three Boxes Problem 142
8 Inference, Confidence, Tests 144
9 Conclusion 147
10 Exercises 148
9 Financial Statements and Mergers 151
1 The Purpose of Financial Statements 151
2 Balance Sheet and Income Statement 152
3 An Actual Balance Sheet 155
4 Depreciation 158
5 The Visual Balance Sheet 159
6 A Seniority Balance Sheet 161
7 Par Value and Some Transactions 163
8 The Enterprise-Value Balance Sheet 167
9 A Fraudulent Transfer Law Application 169
10 Merger Accounting 169
11 Conclusion 179
12 Exercises 179
10 Aversion to Risk 181
1 Risk Aversion 181
2 The Certainty Equivalent 182
3 Models of Risk Aversion 182
4 Insurance 184
5 Estimates of the Risk-Aversion Coefficient 190
6 Deriving the Utility of Wealth Function 191
7 Legal Change 193
8 Conclusion 193
9 Exercises 194
Appendix: Code for Figure 2 195
11 Financial Crisis Contagion 201
1 Introduction: Fear Crises! 201
2 Finance in the Cycle of Production 203
3 Policies About Financial Crises 206
3. 1 Policies Indirectly Related to Crises 207
3. 2 Policies Directly About Crises 211
3. 3 Extraordinary Measures of 2008 215
3. 4 Post-2008 Reforms 216
4 Conclusion 219
Closing Note 221
Index 223
Series: Quantitative Perspectives on Behavioral Economics and Finance
Length: 226 pages
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2018 edition (September 6, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 3319953710
ISBN-13: 978-3319953717
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