发布时间：2015-01-15 来源：人大经济论坛

化工专业论文范文 目 录 1综述1 1.1原油组成及破乳剂的作用1 1.2 原油乳状液的稳定性3 1.2.1 原油乳状液的形成3 1.2.2原油乳状液的稳定性影响因素5 1.2.3 水存在的形式8 1.3 破乳剂的作用机理及破乳方法9 1.3.1 原油破乳剂的作用机理9 1.3.2破坏乳状液的方法10 1.3.3乳状液的破乳机理12 1.4原油破乳剂的发展12 1.4.1国外破乳剂的发展13 1.4.2国内破乳剂的发展14 1.5本实验的意义21 2实验部分23 2.1 实验仪器23 2.2 实验药品23 2.3 实验方法24 2.3.1 破乳剂的配制24 2.3.2 实验过程24 2.3.325 2.4 实验的影响因素26 2.4.1温度对原油脱水效率的影响26 2.4.2破乳剂用量对原油脱水效率的影响29 2.4.3 磺酸盐对原油脱水速率的影响31 3 结论33 参考文献34 致 谢37 摘 要 随着社会的发展，各国对石油的需求量与日俱增。而原油生产在油田基本进入三次采油期。随着油田大量注水开发，油井产出液的含水量大量增加。现有破乳剂均有一定的局限性，对于特高含水的水包油型乳状液，存在脱水率低、脱水温度高、脱水速度慢等缺点。因此，针对不同地区的不同原油选择适合的破乳剂有着重要的作用。 破乳剂筛选实验评价表明，在实验温度80℃和用量0.1ml（20ppm）质量浓度为1%的破乳剂下，瓶试法筛选出适合高酸原油性能优良的破乳剂5#、6#、7#和8#。 考察不同条件对破乳作用影响时，选用筛选出的4种破乳剂，在温度90℃下，随着破乳剂用量的增大，原油脱水量也随着增加，破乳剂用量为15ppm~20ppm时，原油脱水达到最大然后趋于平稳。在选定用量为20ppm破乳剂下，随着温度的升高，原油脱水量也随之增加，在80~90℃时，原油脱水量达到最大且趋于平稳，所以破乳剂的最佳作用温度为80~90℃。在相同条件下，相对于另外的3种破乳剂，6#的效果最优。 由于为了提高原油采收率，在三次采油中加入石油磺酸盐表面活性剂，以增加油、水乳化作用，因此原油采出液普遍含有石油磺酸盐。考察了影响破乳剂性能的各种反应条件，在实验温度90℃和用量为10ppm破乳剂的条件下，通过瓶试脱水法，考察评价石油磺酸盐对破乳剂的影响。研究表明，石油磺酸盐明显的降低了破乳剂在高酸原油中破乳脱水作用。 关键词； 破乳剂，石油磺酸盐，原油脱水，三次采油 abstract With the development of society, the growing demand for petroleum, Crude oil production in oilfield and basic in the mid-late period. With the development of water injection wells, the oil content of large increase output. Existing demulsifier has certain limitation, for determining the type oil-in-water emulsions, dehydration rate is low, high dehydration temperature, slow dehydration speed，kind of shortcomings .Therefore, in different regions of the different oil to select a suitable demulsifier plays an important role. Experiments of demulsifier screening showed that, In experimental temperature 80 degrees and dosage of demulsifier 20ppm quality concentrations, Select the suitable for highly sour crude for good performance of demulsifier is NO.5 ,NO.6, NO.7and NO.8. When different conditions for their effects, selection of 4 kinds of demulsifier, in 90 degrees Celsius temperature, with the increase of demulsifiers dosage, crude oil, water off with the dosage of demulsifier 15ppm - 20ppm, oil dehydration and stabilize maximum. The selected for 20ppm demulsifier dosage, with the rise of temperature, the oil off water also increases. In 80-90 ° c, the oil off water and stabilize maximum, so the best role demulsifier for 80-90 degrees Celsius temperature. Under the same conditions, relative to the other three kinds of demulsifier, NO.6 is the best. Due to enhance oil recovery in eor, adding petroleum sulfonates surfactants, to increase the water and oil emulsification, so crude oil recovery liquid containing oil sulfonates generally. The influence of reaction of demulsifiers performance in experimental conditions, 90 degrees Celsius temperature for 10ppm demulsifier and dosage, under the condition of investigation of petroleum sulfonates eva luation of demulsifier. Research shows that petroleum sulfonates significantly reduced in highly sour crude demulsifier during their dehydration effect. Key worlds； demulsifier , petroleum sulfonates, crude oil dehydration, eor