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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
REFACE .....................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................iv
ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................................xii
KEY MESSAGES ......................................................................................................xiii
OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................xvii
CHAPTER I.GLOBAL TRENDS IN FDI
A.GLOBAL TRENDS IN FDI FLOWS:
FROM A STEEP DECLINE TO A SLOW RECOVERY
1. Overall and geographical trends
a. FDI inlows
b. FDI outlows
2. FDI by components
3. FDI by modes of entry
4. FDI by sector and industry
5. FDI by special funds
a.Private equity funds
b. Sovereign wealth funds
.INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION: THE GROWING ROLE
OF DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION ECONOMIES
C.FDI PROSPECTS: A CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM ............................................................19
1. FDI lows in 2010 and beyond: global prospects ......................................................19
a. Key factors inluencing future FDI lows ..............................................................20
b. TNCs’ future plans.................................................................................................21
2. Prospects for FDI by type ..........................................................................................22
a. By mode of entry ...................................................................................................22
b. By industry ............................................................................................................23
c. By home region .....................................................................................................23
d. By host region ........................................................................................................24
CHAPTER II. REGIONAL TRENDS IN FDI .........................................................29
A.REGIONAL TRENDS ......................................................................................................31
1. Developing countries .................................................................................................32
a. Africa .....................................................................................................................32
(i)Recent trends ...................................................................................................32
(ii) New sources of investment in Africa ..............................................................34
b. Asia ........................................................................................................................38
(i)South, East and South-East Asia .....................................................................38
(1) Recent trends ................................................................................................38(2) FDI and industrial upgrading in Asia: new features and opportunities ........40(ii) West Asia .........................................................................................................43c. Latin America and the Caribbean ..........................................................................45(i)Recent trends ...................................................................................................45(ii) The emergence of Latin American TNCs ........................................................472. South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States ..........................50a. Recent trends .........................................................................................................50b. Foreign banks in South-East Europe and the global inancial crisis .....................523. Developed countries ..................................................................................................55a. Recent trends .........................................................................................................55b. Impacts of outward FDI on home-country employment .......................................57B.TRENDS IN STRUCTURALLY WEAK, VULNERABLE AND SMALL ECONOMIES ....................................................................................................................601. Least developed countries ..........................................................................................60a. Recent trends .........................................................................................................60b. Enhancing interaction between ODA and FDI ......................................................622. Landlocked developing countries ..............................................................................64a. Recent trends .........................................................................................................64b. Overcoming barriers to FDI in LLDCs .................................................................653. Small island developing States ..................................................................................68a. Recent trends .........................................................................................................68b. Identifying and exploiting SIDS' FDI potential ....................................................69CHAPTER III. RECENT POLICY DEVELOPMENTS ........................................75A.NATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS.....................................................................761. Investment liberalization and promotion ...................................................................762. Investment regulation ................................................................................................783. Economic stimulus packages and State aid ...............................................................79B.THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT REGIME ....................................................811. Developments in 2009 ...............................................................................................812. Systemic evolution of the international investment regime .......................................83a. Review of model BITs ...........................................................................................85b. Termination of IIAs ...............................................................................................85c. Renegotiation of BITs ............................................................................................86d. Modernizing IIA content .......................................................................................86e. Developments regarding ISDS ..............................................................................883. Possible future direction of the IIA regime ................................................................90C.OTHER INVESTMENT-RELATED INITIATIVES ....................................................911. Investment in agriculture ...........................................................................................912. G20 and G8 investment-related policy actions ..........................................................913. Investment and inancial system reforms ...................................................................924. Investments by sovereign wealth funds .....................................................................945. Political risk insurance ...............................................................................................94D.CONCLUDING REMARKS .......................................................................................... 95CHAPTER IV. LEVERAGING FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOR A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY .......................................................................99A.SETTING THE CONTEXT ..........................................................................................100B.THE CHARACTERISTICS AND SCOPE OF LOW-CARBON FOREIGN INVESTMENT ...............................................................................................................1031. Low-carbon foreign investment and the value chain ...............................................1032. The demand for low-carbon foreign investment by sector ......................................1063. Low-carbon FDI is signiicant and its potential huge ..............................................111C.DRIVERS AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW-CARBON FOREIGN INVESTMENT ............................................................................................1151. Drivers .....................................................................................................................1152. Locational determinants ...........................................................................................117D.STRATEGIES FOR LOW-CARBON FOREIGN INVESTMENT: POLICY OPTIONS........................................................................................................................1201. Weighing the pros and cons of promoting low-carbon foreign investment .............1202. Strategizing national clean investment promotion ...................................................121a. Mainstreaming foreign investment into low-carbon development strategies ......121b. Creating an enabling policy framework ..............................................................123c. Policies to build on new business opportunities ..................................................126d. Promoting low-carbon foreign investment ..........................................................128