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<P>Foreword xi<br>Acknowledgments xiii<br>Methodological Note xv<br>Abbreviations and Data Notes xvi<br>Overview 1<br>Invest in young people—now 2<br>Investments during youth’s fi ve life transitions 5<br>Policies should focus not only on youth’s opportunities but also<br>their capabilities and second chances 10<br>Policies to broaden opportunities 11<br>Policies that enhance capabilities: Youth as decision makers 15<br>Policies to offer second chances 19<br>Moving forward 21<br>Part I Why now, and how? 25<br> 1 Youth, poverty reduction, and growth 26<br> Young people are critical to further progress with<br> poverty reduction and growth 27<br> How the challenges confronting young people have changed 31<br> Do numbers matter? How demographic changes affect<br> opportunities for youth 33<br> How prepared are youth for today’s challenges? A glass half empty 36<br> What should policy makers focus on? The fi ve transitions 39<br> Spotlight: Differing demographics 43<br> 2 Opportunities, capabilities, second chances:<br> A framework for policy 45<br> Broadening opportunities 46<br> Developing the capabilities of young people as decision-making agents 53<br> Offering second chances 59<br> Spotlight: A gender fi lter on the youth lens 65</P>
<P>Part II Transitions 67<br>3 Learning for work and life 68<br>Educational preparation of youth for work and life is low 68<br>A solid foundation: Improving the readiness for postprimary education 71<br>Enhancing postprimary education opportunities 72<br>Better education choices by young people 81<br>Offering second chances 89<br>Spotlight: Vietnamese youth: Managing prosperity 94<br>4 Going to work 96<br>Youth challenges in the labor market 96<br>What makes youth vulnerable in the labor market? 103<br>Broadening labor market opportunities 106<br>Choosing to work and developing the skills to do so 111<br>Providing a springboard to reintegrate the most vulnerable 114<br>Spotlight: Do baby booms lead to employment busts?<br>Not in OECD countries 120<br>5 Growing up healthy 122<br>Promoting the health of young people stimulates growth and<br>reduces poverty and health care expenditures 123<br>Public intervention is needed to promote youth health 124<br>Strengthening young people’s capability to practice healthy behavior 129<br>Enhancing opportunities to make healthy choices 135<br>What if prevention fails? Helping young people deal with the adverse<br>consequences of poor health behavior or misfortune 137<br>Spotlight: Addressing disparities among Brazil’s youth 142<br>6 Forming families 144<br>Preparing for family formation is good for growth and poverty reduction 144<br>Preparation for family formation is poor 147<br>Providing opportunities for youth to prepare for parenthood 151<br>Strengthening young people’s decision-making capabilities to<br>prepare for parenthood 153<br>Supporting those who become mothers at an early age 156<br>7 Exercising citizenship 160<br>Youth participation: Rising, declining, or both? 161<br>What youth citizenship means for adult citizenship and development 164</P>
<P>Opportunities for political participation and active citizenship 167<br>Acquiring an identity and a sense of belonging 172<br>Young people need legally recognized second chances 178<br>Spotlight: Rebuilding lives and institutions in Sierra Leone 185</P>
<P>Part III Across transitions and next steps 187<br>8 Moving and communicating across borders 188<br>Youth and international migration 188<br>Youth and the global fl ow of information and ideas 201<br>Spotlight: What donors can do 209<br>9 Youth policy: Doing it and getting it right 211<br>Youth policy priorities vary by country context 212<br>Youth policy often fails young people 214<br>Getting it right—by developing a coherent framework and<br>integrating it with national policy 215<br>Getting it right—by listening to young people 219<br>Getting it right—through monitoring and evaluation 221<br>Spotlight: It’s up to you(th)—taking action for development 225<br>Bibliographical note 227<br>Endnotes 229<br>References 243<br>Selected indicators 271<br>Technical notes 283<br>Selected world development indicators 285<br>Data sources and methodology 285<br>Classifi cation of economies and summary measures 285<br>Terminology and country coverage 286<br>Technical notes 286<br>Index 305</P><br>

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