Agglomeration economies and productivity in Indian industry
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which agglomeration economies contribute to economic productivity. We distinguish three sources of agglomeration economies: (1) at the firm level from improved access to market centers, (2) at the industry level from intra-industry localization economies, and (3) at the regional level from inter-industry urbanization economies.There is considerable variation in the sources and magnitudes of agglomeration economies between
industrial sectors—in particular, our results indicate that access to markets through improvements in inter-regional infrastructure is an important determinant of firm level productivity, whereas benefits of locating in dense urban areas do not appear to offset associated costs.
Urban planning and historiography in Latin America
Introduction
From the 1990s, especially after a seminal article by Jorge Hardoy (1988, 1990) about Latin America’s importation of Europe’s urban theories from 1850 through 1930, the study of urban transfer into that region has been mainly focused on the contribution by foreign visitors and their proposals of urban design from the early 20th century. Beyond the scope of this relatively recent agenda, if the process is regarded in a more comprehensive way, other variables and aspects of that cultural transference emerge as equally interesting.