<p>Basic Mathematics for Economists２ｅｄ，</p><p>ＭｉｋｅＲｏｓｓｅｒ，５３６页ＰＤＦ３．０４Ｍ</p><p>Preface<br/>Preface to Second Edition<br/>Acknowledgements<br/>1 Introduction<br/>1.1 Why study mathematics?<br/>1.2 Calculators and computers<br/>1.3 Using the book<br/>2 Arithmetic<br/>2.1 Revision of basic concepts<br/>2.2 Multiple operations<br/>2.3 Brackets<br/>2.4 Fractions<br/>2.5 Elasticity of demand<br/>2.6 Decimals<br/>2.7 Negative numbers<br/>2.8 Powers<br/>2.9 Roots and fractional powers<br/>2.10 Logarithms<br/>3 Introduction to algebra<br/>3.1 Representation<br/>3.2 Evaluation<br/>3.3 Simplification: addition and subtraction<br/>3.4 Simplification: multiplication<br/>3.5 Simplification: factorizing<br/>3.6 Simplification: division<br/>3.7 Solving simple equations<br/>33..98 TInheeqsuuamlitmyastiigonnssign
</p><p>4 Graphs and functions<br/>4.1 Functions<br/>4.2 Inverse functions<br/>4.3 Graphs of linear functions<br/>4.4 Fitting linear functions<br/>4.5 Slope<br/>4.6 Budget constraints<br/>4.7 Non-linear functions<br/>4.8 Composite functions<br/>4.9 Using Excel to plot functions<br/>4.10 Functions with two independent variables<br/>4.11 Summing functions horizontally<br/>5Linear equations<br/>5.1 Simultaneous linear equation systems<br/>5.2 Solving simultaneous linear equations<br/>5.3 Graphical solution<br/>5.4 Equating to same variable<br/>5.5 Substitution<br/>5.6 Row operations<br/>5.7 More than two unknowns<br/>5.8 Which method?<br/>5.9 Comparative statics and the reduced form of<br/>an economic model<br/>5.10 Price discrimination<br/>5.11 Multiplant monopoly<br/>Appendix: linear programming<br/>6 Quadratic equations<br/>6.1 Solving quadratic equations<br/>6.2 Graphical solution<br/>6.3 Factorization<br/>6.4 The quadratic formula<br/>6.5 Quadratic simultaneous equations<br/>6.6 Polynomials<br/>7 Financial mathematics: series, time and investment<br/>7.1 Discrete and continuous growth<br/>7.2 Interest<br/>7.3 Part year investment and the annual equivalent rate<br/>7.4 Time periods, initial amounts and interest rates<br/>7.5 Investment appraisal: net present value<br/>7.6 The internal rate of return<br/>7.7 Geometric series and annuities</p><p>7.8 Perpetual annuities<br/>7.9 Loan repayments<br/>7.10 Other applications of growth and decline<br/>8 Introduction to calculus<br/>8.1 The differential calculus<br/>8.2 Rules for differentiation<br/>8.3 Marginal revenue and total revenue<br/>8.4 Marginal cost and total cost<br/>8.5 Profit maximization<br/>8.6 Respecifying functions<br/>8.7 Point elasticity of demand<br/>8.8 Tax yield<br/>8.9 The Keynesian multiplier<br/>9 Unconstrained optimization<br/>9.1 First-order conditions for a maximum<br/>9.2 Second-order condition for a maximum<br/>9.3 Second-order condition for a minimum<br/>9.4 Summary of second-order conditions<br/>9.5 Profit maximization<br/>9.6 Inventory control<br/>9.7 Comparative static effects of taxes<br/>10 Partial differentiation<br/>10.1 Partial differentiation and the marginal product<br/>10.2 Further applications of partial differentiation<br/>10.3 Second-order partial derivatives<br/>10.4 Unconstrained optimization: functions with two variables<br/>10.5 Total differentials and total derivatives<br/>11 Constrained optimization<br/>11.1 Constrained optimization and resource allocation<br/>11.2 Constrained optimization by substitution<br/>11.3 The Lagrange multiplier: constrained maximization<br/>with two variables<br/>11.4 The Lagrange multiplier: second-order conditions<br/>11.5 Constrained minimization using the Lagrange multiplier<br/>11.6 Constrained optimization with more than two variables<br/>12 Further topics in calculus<br/>12.1 Overview<br/>12.2 The chain rule<br/>12.3 The product rule<br/>12.4 The quotient rule</p><p>12.5 Individual labour supply<br/>12.6 Integration<br/>12.7 Definite integrals<br/>13 Dynamics and difference equations<br/>13.1 Dynamic economic analysis<br/>13.2 The cobweb: iterative solutions<br/>13.3 The cobweb: difference equation solutions<br/>13.4 The lagged Keynesian macroeconomic model<br/>13.5 Duopoly price adjustment<br/>14 Exponential functions, continuous growth and<br/>differential equations<br/>14.1 Continuous growth and the exponential function<br/>14.2 Accumulated final values after continuous growth<br/>14.3 Continuous growth rates and initial amounts<br/>14.4 Natural logarithms<br/>14.5 Differentiation of logarithmic functions<br/>14.6 Continuous time and differential equations<br/>14.7 Solution of homogeneous differential equations<br/>14.8 Solution of non-homogeneous differential equations<br/>14.9 Continuous adjustment of market price<br/>14.10 Continuous adjustment in a Keynesian macroeconomic model<br/>15Matrix algebra<br/>15.1 Introduction to matrices and vectors<br/>15.2 Basic principles of matrix multiplication<br/>15.3 Matrix multiplication – the general case<br/>15.4 The matrix inverse and the solution of<br/>simultaneous equations<br/>15.5 Determinants<br/>15.6 Minors, cofactors and the Laplace expansion<br/>15.7 The transpose matrix, the cofactor matrix, the adjoint<br/>and the matrix inverse formula<br/>15.8 Application of the matrix inverse to the solution of<br/>linear simultaneous equations<br/>15.9 Cramer’s rule<br/>15.10 Second-order conditions and the Hessian matrix<br/>15.11 Constrained optimization and the bordered Hessian<br/>Answers<br/>Symbols and terminology</p><p></p>