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Stata 12 Graphics

Dawn Koffman

Office ofPopulation Research

Princeton University

坐标轴标签、置信区间、修改图例：

可以通过添加lfitci 和qfitci选项来对线性/二次回归曲线添加95%的置信区间

  1. sysuse lifeexp.dta, clear
  2. #d;
  3. twoway
  4. (lfitci lexp safewater if region == 2) /* North America */
  5. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2)
  6. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  7. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  8. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  9. legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"));
  10. #d cr
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由于绘图时图例一般比较占据空间，所以应减少使用:一般替换图例的三种方法：
1）使用对比强烈的颜色，并某处简述属性：
  1. sysuse uslifeexp, clear
  2. twoway line le_male le_female year, lc(blue pink) legend(off)///
  3. ytitle("life expectancy") yla(, ang(h)) text(79.2 1980 "female", ///
  4. color(pink)) text(71 1976 "male", color(blue)) xtitle("") ///
  5. saving(g21, asis replace)
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2）在绘图区配以少数文字：
  1. u pollutants, clear
  2. local spec clw(medium) msize(*0.8)

  4. #delimit;
  5. twoway conn depth Au, `spec' ms(Oh) cmissing(n) ||
  6. conn depth Cd, `spec' ms(Th)|| conn depth As,
  7. `spec' ms(Sh)||conn depth Pb, `spec' ms(O)
  8. ||conn depth Cu, `spec' ms(T) || conn depth Zn, `spec' ms(S)
  9. ysc(reverse r(46 .))xsc(log) xsc(titlegap(*10)) yla(50(10)90, ang(h))
  10. xla(0.1 0.3 1 3 10 30 100)ytitle(Depth (cm)) xtitle(Concentration (ppm))
  11. text(48 `=Au[1]' "Au" 48 `=Cd[1]' "Cd" 48 `=As[1]' "As" 48 `=Pb[1]' "Pb"
  12. 48 `=Cu[1]' "Cu"48 `=Zn[1]' "Zn") legend(off) saving(g20, asis replace) ;
  13. #delimit cr
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3）使用by( ) legend(at)精确控制图例位置：

  1. set scheme s1color
  2. u cumbrian_cirques, clear
  3. net install gr42_6, from(http://www.stata-journal.com/software/sj12-1)
  4. qplotlength width, by(grade, legend(at(6) pos(0))) legend(col(1)///
  5. region(lcolor(none)) size(*1.3) rowgap(*3)) ysc(log) ///
  6. yla(200 500 1000 2000, ang(h)) saving(g22, asis replace)
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灰度Gray Scale：使用Gray Scale的两个主要优势：
1）一些杂志期刊社不接收彩色图像。
2）图中标记排列的更为清晰
此处推荐使用s1color
  1. set scheme s1color
  2. u cumbrian_cirques, clear
  3. separate length, by(grade) veryshortlabel

  5. scatter length? width, xsc(log) ysc(log) ms(O ..) ///
  6. mcolor(gs1 gs4 gs7 gs10 gs13) mlcolor(black ..)///
  7. msize(*1.5 ..) yti("`: variable label length'")yla(200 500 1000 2000) ///
  8. xla(200 500 1000 2000)legend(pos(11) ring(0) col(1)) ///
  9. saving(g4, asis replace)
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变量值标签及副标题修改

  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (lfitci lexp safewater if region == 2) /* North America */
  4. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2, mlabel(country))
  5. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  6. subtitle("North America")
  7. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  8. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  9. legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"));
  10. #delimit cr
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移动标记位置1

  1. generate pos = 12 if country == "Panama"
  2. replace pos = 12 if country == "Honduras"
  3. replace pos = 10 if country == "Cuba"
  4. replace pos = 9 if country == "Jamaica"
  5. replace pos = 9 if country == "El Salvador"
  6. replace pos = 9 if country == "Trinidad and Tobago"
  7. replace pos = 9 if country == "Dominican Republic"
  8. #delimit ;
  9. twoway
  10. (lfitci lexp safewater if region == 2) /* North America */
  11. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2
  12. , mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
  13. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  14. subtitle("North America")
  15. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  16. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  17. legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(2 "Linear fit" 1 "95% CI"))
  18. plotregion(margin(r+10));
  19. #delimit cr
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移动标记位置2
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2 | region == 3
  4. ,mlabel(country))
  5. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  6. subtitle("North and South America")
  7. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  8. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  9. plotregion(margin(r+10));
  10. #delimit cr
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异端标签位置和图例修改
  1. replace pos = 9 if country == "Argentina"
  2. replace pos = 9 if country == "Canada"
  3. replace pos = 9 if country == "Cuba"
  4. replace pos = 9 if country == "Panama"
  5. replace pos = 9 if country == "Venezuela"
  6. replace pos = 9 if country == "Jamaica"
  7. replace pos = 9 if country == "Dominican Republic"
  8. replace pos = 9 if country == "Ecuador"
  9. replace pos = 9 if country == "El Salvador"
  10. replace pos = 12 if country == "Puerto Rico"
  11. #delimit ;
  12. twoway
  13. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2
  14. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
  15. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 3
  16. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos))
  17. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  18. subtitle("North and South America")
  19. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  20. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  21. legend(ring(0) pos(5) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America") cols(1));
  22. #delimit cr
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标记大孝符号、线条颜色
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2
  4. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small))
  5. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 3
  6. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small) msymbol(circle_hollow))
  7. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 2, clcolor(navy))
  8. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 3, clcolor(maroon))
  9. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  10. subtitle("North and South America")
  11. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  12. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  13. legend(ring(0) pos(5) cols(1) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America"
  14. 3 "North America linear fit" 4 "South America linear fit"));
  15. #delimit cr
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标记及标签、线型
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2
  4. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small))
  5. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 3
  6. ,mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) msize(small) msymbol(circle_hollow))
  7. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 2, clcolor(navy))
  8. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 3, clcolor(maroon))
  9. ,title("Life expectancy at birth by access to safe water, 1998")
  10. subtitle("North and South America")
  11. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  12. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  13. legend(ring(0) pos(5) cols(1) order(1 "North America" 2 "South America"
  14. 3 "North America linear fit" 4 "South America linear fit"));
  15. #delimit cr
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分组画图：为数据集中的每一子集分别作图
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway scatter lexp safewater, by(region, total)
  3. ,ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  4. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe
  5. water");
  6. #delimit cr
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注意分组画图选项：

style() title(" ")note(" ")
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway scatter lexp safewater
  3. ,by(region,total style(compact)
  4. title("Life expectancy by access to safe water") note(""))
  5. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  6. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water");
  7. #delimit cr
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坐标轴选项：
结构、刻度
1. Y轴标签横向显示较佳即 yla(, ang(h)) 或者yla(, ang(0))
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway scatter lexp safewater
  3. , by(region,total style(compact)
  4. title("Life expectancy by access to safe water") note(""))
  5. xscale(range(20 100))
  6. xtick(20(10)100)
  7. xlabel(30(10)100, labsize(small))
  8. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  9. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  10. ylabel(55(5)80, angle(0));
  11. #delimit cr
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2. 可以使标签角度向左或者右微调，以调整轴与标签间距。(, ang(.001)) (左) or (, ang(-.001)) (右)

  1. u cumbrian_cirques, clear

  3. dotplot maxgrad, over(grade) name(g62,replace) ms(Oh) yla(, ang(0) format(%4.0g)) ///
  4. xla(,ang(-0.05) tlcolor(none)) subtitle("ang(-0.05)", color(black))
  5. dotplot maxgrad, over(grade) name(g63, replace) ms(Oh) yla(, ang(h) format(%4.0g)) ///
  6. xla(, tlcolor(none)) subtitle("ang(0)", color(black))
  7. graph combine g62 g63,col(1)
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3.突出强调某一坐标值的方法：?la(, custom add) //？代表x y
  1. sysuse citytemp, clear
  2. scatter tempjan tempjuly, yla(14 50 68 86, ang(h)) ///
  3. yla(32, custom add labsize(*1.4) ang(h)) xla(59(9)95) ///
  4. ms(Oh) subtitle({char 176}F, place(w) size(*1.4)) ///
  5. yli(32, lw(*.6) lc(gs12)) saving(g7, asis replace)


  8. //gs12 可输入第三方命令hue查看
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在上例中yla(32, custom add labsize(*1.4) ang(h))



图像的保存和命名保存图像于内存：
在图像命名时，使用name( )可在内存中保留多个图，同时也便于graph combine之后作为纵向/横向排列对比.
  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 2,
  4. mcolor(black) msize(small)
  5. mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) mlabcolor(black))
  6. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 2, clcolor(black))
  7. ,name(north_america, replace)
  8. subtitle("North America", color(black))
  9. ylabel(,angle(0))
  10. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  11. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  12. legend(off);
  13. #delimit cr
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  1. #delimit ;
  2. twoway
  3. (scatter lexp safewater if region == 3,
  4. mcolor(black) msize(small)
  5. mlabel(country) mlabvposition(pos) mlabcolor(black))
  6. (lfit lexp safewater if region == 3, clcolor(black))
  7. ,name(south_america, replace)
  8. subtitle("South America", color(black))
  9. ylabel(, angle(0))
  10. ytitle("Life expectancy at birth")
  11. xtitle("Percent of population with access to safe water")
  12. legend(off);
  13. #delimit cr
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合并图像1

  1. #delimit ;
  2. graph combine north_america south_america
  3. ,title("Life expectancy by access to safe water", color(black)) col(1);
  4. #delimit cr
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合并图像2：
  1. #delimit ;
  2. graph combine north_america south_america
  3. ,title("Life expectancy by access to safe water", color(black)) col(1) xcommon ycommon xsize(7) ysize(10.5);
  4. #delimit cr
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保留于硬盘

  1. graph export north_america.wmf,replace
  2. graph export north_america.png,replace
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/*讲义加载及打开*/

  1. copy "http://opr.princeton.edu/workshops/201301/ws201301.pdf" "ws201301.pdf"

  3. !=start ws201301.pdf//Windows
  4. //!=open ws201301.pdf// Mac OS
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