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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">发上来已经有点乱码，大家可以下载后面的doc</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">宏观经济学原理一页通（第三版）</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">张国忠</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;">L=L<sub>1</sub>+L<sub>2</sub>=kY+u-hr</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1064" to="324pt,15.6pt" from="324pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 39; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这是模拟现实经济运动的“一线两段”宏观分析模型：</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">计划消费</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">计划储蓄</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">计划税收</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">计划投资</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>r=f(M/p, L)</u>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">政府购买计划</span></u><sub><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></sub></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1062" to="351pt,46.8pt" from="306pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 37; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><stroke endarrow="block"></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1060" to="297pt,7.8pt" from="270pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 35; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><stroke endarrow="block"></stroke></line><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">C=a+b(Y-T+TR)</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>S=-a+(1-b)(Y-T+TR)</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>T=T<sub>0</sub>+ tY</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>I=e-dr</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>M=M<sub>0</sub>+mY<p></p></u></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1061" to="405pt,31.2pt" from="369pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 36; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1040" to="189pt,31.2pt" from="2in,0" style="Z-INDEX: 15; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1034" to="279pt,31.2pt" from="261pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 9; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1033" to="3in,31.2pt" from="207pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 8; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1032" to="171pt,31.2pt" from="1in,0" style="Z-INDEX: 7; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1031" to="333pt,7.8pt" from="333pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 6; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1028" to="279pt,7.8pt" from="279pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></font><u><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">价值</span></u><u><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">=</span><span lang="EN-US">u/c<p></p></span></font></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1063" to="351pt,15.6pt" from="333pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 38; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1027" to="315pt,0" from="315pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">×</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS) </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> C + S +T </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> C + I + G + (X<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M )</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 382.5pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1058" to="297pt,54.6pt" from="297pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 33; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1056" to="279pt,23.4pt" from="279pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 31; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1054" to="5in,23.4pt" from="5in,0" style="Z-INDEX: 29; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1053" to="5in,0" from="5in,0" style="Z-INDEX: 28; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1051" to="225pt,0" from="225pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 26; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1048" to="9pt,15.6pt" from="9pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 23; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1047" to="423pt,15.6pt" from="423pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 22; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1041" to="3in,54.6pt" from="3in,0" style="Z-INDEX: 16; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1038" to="324pt,23.4pt" from="324pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 13; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1035" to="198pt,23.4pt" from="198pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 10; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1030" to="126pt,15.6pt" from="126pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 5; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1029" to="117pt,15.6pt" from="117pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 4; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">核算段</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">分配段</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1059" to="279pt,7.8pt" from="261pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 34; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1055" to="5in,7.8pt" from="351pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 30; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1052" to="5in,7.8pt" from="5in,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 27; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1050" to="261pt,7.8pt" from="261pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 25; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1049" to="117pt,0" from="9pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 24; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1046" to="423pt,0" from="126pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 21; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1039" to="234pt,7.8pt" from="198pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 14; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><line id="_x0000_s1037" to="333pt,7.8pt" from="324pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 12; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: x;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1036" to="333pt,7.8pt" from="333pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 11; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1026" to="189pt,7.8pt" from="189pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">金融</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">国外</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1044" to="351pt,15.6pt" from="351pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 19; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1043" to="243pt,23.4pt" from="171pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 18; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1057" to="297pt,7.8pt" from="261pt,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 32; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></line><line id="_x0000_s1042" to="234pt,7.8pt" from="3in,7.8pt" style="Z-INDEX: 17; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left;"><stroke endarrow="block"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></stroke></line><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">货币政策</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">政府</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对外经济政策</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><line id="_x0000_s1045" to="243pt,15.6pt" from="243pt,0" style="Z-INDEX: 20; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TEXT-ALIGN: left; flip: y;"></line><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 6;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 231pt; mso-char-indent-count: 22.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">财政政策</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">这一图式表示的是一个循环过程。总支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（即总需求</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">AD</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）使生产和出卖产品成为必要，产品的出卖（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">×</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）形成总收入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS)</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，总收入经过初次分配和再分配，经过货币资金的计划、安排和配置过程后，形成总支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，总支出又作用于生产和价格（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">PQ</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">），如此循环不已。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">图式中，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为核算段，从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为分配段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、核算段中，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)=P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">×</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q=Y(AS)=GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。因生产可能性边界由资源禀赋、技术条件和制度因素决定，故</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的增减，视实际产量与生产可能性边界的接近程度，引起</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的变动。生产要素或资源价格水平的变动，也会引起产品价格水平的相应变动。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、在分配段，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">分为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">C+S+T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，为初次分配，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">C+S+T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">又变为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">C+I+G+(X-M)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，为再分配。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">S</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">M</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为漏出量，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">I</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">G</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为注入量。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Y(AS)</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经过初次分配和再分配，形成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。宏观经济政策就是政府通过变动漏出量和注入量来影响</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">E(AD)</font></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，进而影响</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，以实现充分就业、物价稳定、经济增长和国际收支平衡等目标。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、分配段中，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I+G+(X-M)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">S+T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，经济规模扩张，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">增加；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I+G+(X-M)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">S+T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，经济规模收缩，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">减少；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I+G+(X-M)</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">=</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">S+T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，经济规模不变，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不再变动，达到均衡状态。据此均衡条件，代入有关函数式，可得出均衡</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的值，亦可得出乘数。（产品市场）</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、分配段中，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I=S</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，储蓄全部转化为投资；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">S</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，出现流动性滞存，滞存部分形成滞存货币量（资产货币量、投机货币量）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">L<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，它与交易货币量</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">L<sub>1</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（购买商品、仅作为商品交易媒介的货币量，由</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">P</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">×</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Q</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">或</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">GDP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">决定）一起，形成对货币的总需求（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">L=L<sub>1</sub>+L<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">I</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">S</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，利用过去的滞存货币量，或有新的货币发行。（货币市场）</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、分配段中，政府支出</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">=T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，政府财政收支平衡；政府支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，政府财政盈余；政府支出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">T</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，政府财政赤字，政府发行国债以利用民间的滞存货币量，若民间滞存货币量不足，则利用发行国债的办法来扩大政府支出，会相应地减少民间支出，产生“挤出效应”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑹</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、分配段中，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（出口）</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">=M</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（进口），外贸收支平衡。不考虑资本流动因素，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">M</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，外贸收支从而外汇收支出现盈余，浮动汇率制下，会出现本币升值；固定汇率制下，会导致本国货币供应量增加，但中央银行可通过公开市场业务对冲这一影响。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">M</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">，则出现相反的情况。</span></p><font color="#f70938" size="5"><strong>下载附件</strong></font><br/> |
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