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<TD align=middle width="80%"><FONT face="Arial, Helvetica" size=+1><B>Have Trade Policy Reforms Led to Greater Openness in Developing Countries?</FONT></B> </TD></TR>
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<CENTER><FONT face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size=2><a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=142973" target="_blank" >SOAMIELY ANDRIAMANANJARA </A>
World Bank Group - World Bank Institute
<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=390243" target="_blank" >JOHN NASH </A>
World Bank </FONT><FONT face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size=2>February 1997</FONT>
<I><A><FONT size=2>World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 1730</FONT></A></I> </CENTER></TD></TR></TABLE><B></B></DIV>
<DIV class=quote><B>Abstract: </B>
<FONT face="ARIAL, HELVETICA">The developing countries that began trading more openly in the 1980s did so incrementally-shock therapy was uncommon. Asian countries led in trade reform and openness, so their export-led growth performance was not surprising. African countries trailed in reform and have still not become as open as other countries.

Developing countries experienced a revolution in trade policy in the 1980s and 1990s, but it is unclear how much real openness increased. After all, they had started with multiple, often redundant, trade restrictions. And it is unclear how changes in openness should be measured.

The most appropriate measure of openness is based on imports of consumer goods, argue Andriamananjara and Nash, since these imports commonly face the biggest trade barriers. After developing several such measures, including a measure of the change in tariff equivalent protection, they explore the recent evolution of trade policy, using readily available trade data........</FONT></DIV></B><FONT face="ARIAL, HELVETICA">
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<P>不知道有没有人传过,不过我没搜索到</P>

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-8-22 19:44:47编辑过]