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[local]1[/local][local]1[/local][local]1[/local]<p>Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic编的《The Construction of Preference》，cambridge university press，790页</p><p></p><p>The discussion of the meaning of preference and the status of value may be<br/>illuminated by the well-known exchange among three baseball umpires. “I call<br/>them as I see them,” said the first. “I call them as they are,” said the second.<br/>The third disagreed, “They ain’t nothing till I call them.” Analogously, we can<br/>describe three different views regarding the nature of values. First, values exist –<br/>like body temperature – and people perceive and report them as best they can,<br/>possibly with bias (I call them as I see them). Second, people know their values<br/>and preferences directly – as they know the multiplication table (I call them<br/>as they are). Third, values or preferences are commonly constructed in the<br/>process of elicitation (they ain’t nothing till I call them).The research reviewedin<br/>this article ismost compatiblewith the thirdviewofpreference as a constructive context-dependent process.</p><p><font size="3">Contributors page xi<br/>Preface xv<br/>Cass R. Sunstein<br/>Acknowledgments xvii<br/>I INTRODUCTION<br/>1The Construction of Preference: An Overview 1<br/>Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic<br/>II PREFERENCE REVERSALS<br/>2 Relative Importance of Probabilities and Payoffs in Risk<br/>Taking 41<br/>Paul Slovic and Sarah Lichtenstein<br/>3 Reversals of Preference Between Bids and Choices in<br/>Gambling Decisions 52<br/>Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic<br/>4 Response-Induced Reversals of Preference in Gambling:<br/>An Extended Replication in Las Vegas 69<br/>Sarah Lichtenstein and Paul Slovic<br/>5 Economic Theory of Choice and the Preference Reversal<br/>Phenomenon 77<br/>David M. Grether and Charles R. Plott<br/>III PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF PREFERENCE REVERSALS<br/>6 Contingent Weighting in Judgment and Choice 95<br/>Amos Tversky, Samuel Sattath, and Paul Slovic<br/>7 Cognitive Processes in Preference Reversals 122<br/>David A. Schkade and Eric J. Johnson<br/>8 The Causes of Preference Reversal 146<br/>Amos Tversky, Paul Slovic, and Daniel Kahneman<br/>viiP1: JZZ<br/>0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32<br/>viii Contents<br/>9 Preference Reversals Between Joint and Separate Evaluations<br/>of Options: A Review and Theoretical Analysis 163<br/>Christopher K. Hsee, George Loewenstein, Sally Blount,<br/>and Max H. Bazerman<br/>10 Attribute-Task Compatibility as a Determinant of Consumer<br/>Preference Reversals 192<br/>Stephen M. Nowlis and Itamar Simonson<br/>11 Preferences Constructed From Dynamic Microprocessing<br/>Mechanisms 220<br/>Jerome R. Busemeyer, Joseph G. Johnson, and Ryan K. Jessup<br/>IV EVIDENCE FOR PREFERENCE CONSTRUCTION<br/>12 Construction of Preferences by Constraint Satisfaction 235<br/>Dan Simon, Daniel C. Krawczyk, and Keith J. Holyoak<br/>13“Coherent Arbitrariness”: Stable Demand Curves Without<br/>Stable Preferences 246<br/>Dan Ariely, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec<br/>14Tom Sawyer and the Construction of Value 271<br/>Dan Ariely, George Loewenstein, and Drazen Prelec<br/>15 When Web Pages Influence Choice: Effects of Visual Primes<br/>on Experts and Novices 282<br/>Naomi Mandel and Eric J. Johnson<br/>16 When Choice Is Demotivating: Can One Desire TooMuch of a<br/>Good Thing? 300<br/>Sheena S. Iyengar and Mark R. Lepper<br/>V THEORIES OF PREFERENCE CONSTRUCTION<br/>17 Constructive Consumer Choice Processes 323<br/>James R. Bettman, Mary Frances Luce, and John W. Payne<br/>18 Decision Making and Action: The Search for a Dominance<br/>Structure 342<br/>Henry Montgomery<br/>19 Pre- and Post-Decision Construction of Preferences:<br/>Differentiation and Consolidation 356<br/>Ola Svenson<br/>20Choice Bracketing 372<br/>Daniel Read, George Loewenstein, and Matthew Rabin<br/>21Constructing Preferences From Memory 397<br/>Elke U. Weber and Eric J. JohnsonP1: JZZ<br/>0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32<br/>Contents ix<br/>VI AFFECT AND REASON<br/>22Reason-Based Choice 411<br/>Eldar Shafir, Itamar Simonson, and Amos Tversky<br/>23The Affect Heuristic 434<br/>Paul Slovic, Melissa L. Finucane, Ellen Peters, and Donald G.<br/>MacGregor<br/>24The Functions of Affect in the Construction of<br/>Preferences 454<br/>Ellen Peters<br/>25Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal 464<br/>Robert B. Zajonc<br/>26Introspecting About Reasons Can Reduce Post-Choice<br/>Satisfaction 471<br/>Timothy D. Wilson, Douglas J. Lisle, Jonathan W. Schooler, Sara D.<br/>Hodges, Kristen J. Klaaren, and Suzanne J. LaFleur<br/>VII MISWANTING<br/>27New Challenges to the Rationality Assumption 487<br/>Daniel Kahneman<br/>28Distinction Bias: Misprediction and Mischoice Due to Joint<br/>Evaluation 504<br/>Christopher K. Hsee and Jiao Zhang<br/>29Lay Rationalism and Inconsistency Between Predicted<br/>Experience and Decision 532<br/>Christopher K. Hsee, Jiao Zhang, Frank Yu, and Yiheng Xi<br/>30Miswanting: Some Problems in the Forecasting of Future<br/>Affective States 550<br/>Daniel T. Gilbert and Timothy D. Wilson<br/>VIII CONTINGENT VALUATION<br/>31Economic Preferences or Attitude Expressions? An Analysis<br/>of Dollar Responses to Public Issues 565<br/>Daniel Kahneman, Ilana Ritov, and David A. Schkade<br/>32Music, Pandas, and Muggers: On the Affective Psychology<br/>of Value 594<br/>Christopher K. Hsee and Yuval Rottenstreich<br/>33Valuing Environmental Resources: A Constructive<br/>Approach 609<br/>Robin Gregory, Sarah Lichtenstein, and Paul SlovicP1: JZZ<br/>0521834287pre CB1023/Lichtenstein 0 521 83428 7 August 21, 2006 17:32<br/>x Contents<br/>IX PREFERENCE MANAGEMENT<br/>34Measuring Constructed Preferences: Towards a Building Code 629<br/>John W. Payne, James R. Bettman, and David A. Schkade<br/>35Constructing Preferences From Labile Values 653<br/>Baruch Fischhoff<br/>36Informed Consent and the Construction of Values 668<br/>Douglas MacLean<br/>37Do Defaults Save Lives? 682<br/>Eric J. Johnson and Daniel G. Goldstein<br/>38Libertarian Paternalism Is Not an Oxymoron 689<br/>Cass R. Sunstein and Richard H. Thaler<br/>References 709<br/>Index</font></p>