英文标题：
《The structure of multiplex networks predicts play in economic games and
real-world cooperation》
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作者：
Curtis Atkisson, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder
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最新提交年份：
2020
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英文摘要：
Explaining why humans cooperate in anonymous contexts is a major goal of human behavioral ecology, cultural evolution, and related fields. What predicts cooperation in anonymous contexts is inconsistent across populations, levels of analysis, and games. For instance, market integration is a key predictor across ethnolinguistic groups but has inconsistent predictive power at the individual level. We adapt an idea from 19th-century sociology: people in societies with greater overlap in ties across domains among community members (Durkheim\'s \"mechanical\" solidarity) will cooperate more with their network partners and less in anonymous contexts than people in societies with less overlap (\"organic\" solidarity). This hypothesis, which can be tested at the individual and community level, assumes that these two types of societies differ in the importance of keeping existing relationships as opposed to recruiting new partners. Using multiplex networks, we test this idea by comparing cooperative tendencies in both anonymous experimental games and real-life communal labor tasks across 9 Makushi villages in Guyana that vary in the degree of within-village overlap. Average overlap in a village predicts both real-world cooperative and anonymous interactions in the predicted direction; individual overlap also has effects in the expected direction. These results reveal a consistent patterning of cooperative tendencies at both individual and local levels and contribute to the debate over the emergence of norms for cooperation among humans. Multiplex overlap can help us understand inconsistencies in previous studies of cooperation in anonymous contexts and is an unexplored dimension with explanatory power at multiple levels of analysis.
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中文摘要：
解释人类为何在匿名环境中合作是人类行为生态学、文化进化和相关领域的一个主要目标。在匿名环境中，预测合作的因素在人群、分析水平和游戏中是不一致的。例如，市场整合是跨民族语言群体的关键预测因素，但在个体层面上的预测能力不一致。我们采纳了19世纪社会学的一个观点：与重叠较少的社会（“有机”团结）相比，社区成员之间在各个领域的联系有更多重叠的社会（涂尔干的“机械”团结）中的人将更多地与其网络伙伴合作，而在匿名环境中的合作更少。这一假设可以在个人和社区层面进行检验，假设这两种社会在保持现有关系而不是招募新伙伴的重要性上有所不同。通过使用多重网络，我们通过比较圭亚那9个Makushi村的匿名实验游戏和现实生活中的公共劳动任务中的合作趋势来检验这一观点，这些村庄内的重叠程度各不相同。村庄中的平均重叠可以预测现实世界中的合作互动和匿名互动；单个重叠也会对预期方向产生影响。这些结果揭示了个人和地方层面上合作倾向的一致模式，并有助于关于人类合作规范出现的辩论。多重重叠可以帮助我们理解以往匿名背景下合作研究中的不一致性，并且是一个未经探索的维度，在多个层次的分析中具有解释力。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Populations and Evolution 种群与进化
分类描述：Population dynamics, spatio-temporal and epidemiological models, dynamic speciation, co-evolution, biodiversity, foodwebs, aging; molecular evolution and phylogeny; directed evolution; origin of life
种群动力学；时空和流行病学模型；动态物种形成；协同进化；生物多样性；食物网；老龄化；分子进化和系统发育；定向进化；生命起源
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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