英文标题：
《The Similarity of Global Value Chains: A Network-Based Measure》
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作者：
Zhen Zhu, Greg Morrison, Michelangelo Puliga, Alessandro Chessa,
Massimo Riccaboni
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最新提交年份：
2015
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英文摘要：
International trade has been increasingly organized in the form of global value chains (GVCs) where different stages of production are located in different countries. This recent phenomenon has substantial consequences for both trade policy design at the national or regional level and business decision making at the firm level. In this paper, we provide a new method for comparing GVCs across countries and over time. First, we use the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) to construct both the upstream and downstream global value networks, where the nodes are individual sectors in different countries and the links are the value-added contribution relationships. Second, we introduce a network-based measure of node similarity to compare the GVCs between any pair of countries for each sector and each year available in the WIOD. Our network-based similarity is a better measure for node comparison than the existing ones because it takes into account all the direct and indirect relationships between country-sector pairs, is applicable to both directed and weighted networks with self-loops, and takes into account externally defined node attributes. As a result, our measure of similarity reveals the most intensive interactions among the GVCs across countries and over time. From 1995 to 2011, the average similarity between sectors and countries have clear increasing trends, which are temporarily interrupted by the recent economic crisis. This measure of the similarity of GVCs provides quantitative answers to important questions about dependency, sustainability, risk, and competition in the global production system.
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中文摘要：
国际贸易越来越多地以全球价值链（GVC）的形式组织起来，不同的生产阶段位于不同的国家。这一最近的现象对国家或区域一级的贸易政策设计和企业一级的商业决策都产生了重大影响。在本文中，我们提供了一种新的方法来比较不同国家和不同时期的全球价值链。首先，我们使用世界投入产出数据库（WIOD）来构建上下游全球价值网络，其中节点是不同国家的单个部门，链接是增值贡献关系。其次，我们引入了一种基于网络的节点相似性度量，以比较WIOD中每一部门和每一年的任何一对国家之间的全球价值链。我们基于网络的相似性比现有的相似性更好，因为它考虑了国家-部门对之间的所有直接和间接关系，适用于具有自循环的有向和加权网络，并考虑了外部定义的节点属性。因此，我们的相似性度量揭示了全球价值链在不同国家和不同时期之间最密集的互动。从1995年到2011年，行业和国家之间的平均相似性有明显的增加趋势，但最近的经济危机暂时中断了这种趋势。对全球价值链相似性的衡量为全球生产体系中的依赖性、可持续性、风险和竞争等重要问题提供了定量答案。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society 物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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