英文标题：
《Socioeconomic driving forces of scientific research》
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作者：
Mario Coccia
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最新提交年份：
2018
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英文摘要：
Why do nations produce scientific research? This is a fundamental problem in the field of social studies of science. The paper confronts this question here by showing vital determinants of science to explain the sources of social power and wealth creation by nations. Firstly, this study suggests a new general definition of science and scientific research that synthetizes previous concepts and endeavors to extend them: Science discovers the root causes of phenomena to explain and predict them in a context of adaptation of life to new economic and social bases, whereas scientific research is a systematic process, applying methods of scientific inquiry, to solve consequential problems, to satisfy human wants, to take advantage of important opportunities and/or to cope with environmental threats. In particular, science and scientific research are driven by an organized social effort that inevitably reflect the concerns and interests of nations to achieve advances and discoveries that are spread to the rest of humankind. This study reveals that scientific research is produced for social and economic interests of nations (power, wealth creation, technological superiority, etc.), rather than philosophical inquiries. A main implication of this study is that the immense growth of science in modern society is not only due to activity of scientists but rather to general social efforts of nations to take advantage of important opportunities and/or to cope with environmental threats, such as war. Empirical evidence endeavors to support the sources of scientific research for nations, described here. Finally, relationships between R&D investment and productivity, and research policy implications are discussed.
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中文摘要：
为什么国家要进行科学研究？这是科学社会研究领域的一个基本问题。本文通过展示科学的重要决定因素来解释国家社会权力和财富创造的来源，从而提出了这个问题。首先，本研究提出了科学和科学研究的新的一般定义，综合了以前的概念并努力加以扩展：科学发现现象的根源，以便在生活适应新的经济和社会基础的背景下解释和预测现象，而科学研究是一个系统的过程，应用科学探究的方法，解决随之而来的问题，满足人类需求，利用重要机遇和/或应对环境威胁。特别是，科学和科学研究是由有组织的社会努力推动的，这些努力不可避免地反映了各国的关切和利益，以实现向全人类传播的进步和发现。这项研究表明，科学研究是为国家的社会和经济利益（权力、财富创造、技术优势等）而进行的，而不是哲学研究。这项研究的一个主要含义是，科学在现代社会中的巨大发展不仅是由于科学家的活动，而且是由于各国为利用重要机会和/或应对战争等环境威胁所作的普遍社会努力。经验证据努力支持国家的科学研究来源，如本文所述。最后，讨论了研发投资和生产率之间的关系以及研究政策的影响。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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