英文标题：
《The Interdependence of Hierarchical Institutions: Federal Regulation,
Job Creation, and the Moderating Effect of State Economic Freedom》
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作者：
David S. Lucas and Christopher J. Boudreaux
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最新提交年份：
2019
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英文摘要：
Regulation is commonly viewed as a hindrance to entrepreneurship, but heterogeneity in the effects of regulation is rarely explored. We focus on regional variation in the effects of national-level regulations by developing a theory of hierarchical institutional interdependence. Using the political science theory of market-preserving federalism, we argue that regional economic freedom attenuates the negative influence of national regulation on net job creation. Using U.S. data, we find that regulation destroys jobs on net, but regional economic freedom moderates this effect. In regions with average economic freedom, a one percent increase in regulation results in 14 fewer jobs created on net. However, a standard deviation increase in economic freedom attenuates this relationship by four fewer jobs. Interestingly, this moderation accrues strictly to older firms; regulation usually harms young firm job creation, and economic freedom does not attenuate this relationship.
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中文摘要：
监管通常被视为创业的障碍，但很少探讨监管效果的异质性。我们通过发展等级制度相互依存理论，关注国家层面法规影响的区域差异。运用市场保护联邦制的政治学理论，我们认为区域经济自由减弱了国家监管对净就业创造的负面影响。利用美国的数据，我们发现监管破坏了网络上的就业机会，但区域经济自由缓和了这种影响。在平均经济自由度较高的地区，监管力度每提高1%，净创造的就业岗位就会减少14个。然而，经济自由度的标准差增加会减少四个工作岗位，从而削弱这种关系。有趣的是，这种适度性严格地对老公司产生；监管通常会损害年轻公司创造的就业机会，而经济自由不会削弱这种关系。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Economics 经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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