Introduction 8
The Eurostat pocketbook 8
A practical guide to accessing European statistics 10
Statistical symbols, abbreviations and acronyms 12
Chapter 1: Economy 19
GDP 20
Economic output 22
GDP expenditure and investment 24
Labour productivity 26
Household consumption expenditure 28
Government public balance and debt 30
Taxes and social contributions 32
Exchange and interest rates 34
Consumer price indices 36
Price convergence and price levels 38
Foreign direct investment 40
Official development assistance 44
Chapter 2: Population 47
World population 48
EU population 50
Age structure 52
Population change and migration 54
Births and fertility 56
Marriages and divorces 58
Citizenship 60
Asylum 62
Chapter 3: Health 65
Life expectancy and mortality 66
Healthcare expenditure 68
Healthcare non-expenditure data 70
Health problems 72
Health and safety at work 74
Chapter 4: Education 77
Pupils and students 78
Levels of education 80
Educational expenditure 82
Lifelong learning 84
Adult education 86



Chapter 9: Trade 171
Current account – trade of goods and services 172
External trade – global patterns 174
Main EU trading partners 176
EU trade by product 178
External trade between Member States 180
International trade in services 182
Chapter 10: Transport 185
Modal breakdown of transport 186
Air and sea passenger transport 188
Goods transport 190
Chapter 11: Environment and energy 193
Urban population exposure to air pollution 194
Air emissions 196
Waste 198
Water resources 200
Wastewater treatment 202
Environmental expenditure and management 204
Production of primary energy 206
Energy imports 208
Gross inland consumption and energy intensity 210
Electricity 212
Renewable energy 214
Energy prices 216
Chapter 12: Science and technology 219
Research and development expenditure 220
Human resources 222
Innovation 224
Patents 226
Chapter 13: Europe’s regions 229