Contents
P A R T 1
WORLD REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 1
Fisheries resources: trends in production, utilization and trade 3
Overview 3
Capture fisheries production 10
Aquaculture 16
Fishers and fish farmers 23
The status of the fishing fleet 26
The status of fishery resources 30
Fish utilization 42
Fish trade and commodities 45
Fish consumption 58
Governance and policy 65
Notes 81
P A R T 2
SELECTED ISSUES IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 85
Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture 87
The issue 87
Possible solutions 90
Recent actions 91
Future perspective 91
The safety of fishing vessels and fishers: an opportunity to address
safety in a holistic fashion 92
The issue 92
Possible solutions 93
Recent actions 94
Future perspective 95
Private and public standards and certification schemes: synergy
or competition? 95
The issue 95
Possible solutions 100
Recent actions 101
Outlook and future perspective 104
Marine genetic resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction
as related to marine biodiversity and the sustainable use
of living marine resources 104
The issue 104
Possible solution 105
Recent actions 106
Future perspectives 106
Notes 107
VI
P A R T 3
HIGHLIGHTS OF SPECIAL STUDIES 111
Ecosystem approaches for fisheries management in the Benguela
Current Large Marine Ecosystem 113
Introduction 113
Investigating the feasibility of an EAF 114
The issues and priorities for the Benguela fisheries 115
Options for EAF management action 116
Strengthening the scientific basis of management 116
Strengthening the decision-making process 117
Incentives for facilitating an EAF 118
Institutional arrangements for implementation of an EAF 118
Research needs 118
Conclusions 119
Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty
alleviation and food security 119
Concepts of poverty, vulnerability and food security 119
Contribution, role and importance of small-scale fisheries 121
Enhancing the role of small-scale fisheries 122
A global study of shrimp fisheries 124
The current situation of the world’s shrimp fishing industry 124
Management of shrimp fisheries 129
Marine capture fisheries management in the Pacific Ocean: status
and trends 132
Introduction 132
Methodology 132
Oceanwide trends 134
Summary and conclusions 139
Use of wild-fishery resources as seed and feed in aquaculture 141
Introduction 141
Wild stocks as a source of seed and broodstock 141
Wild stocks as a source of feed 143
Notes 147
P A R T 4
OUTLOOK 151
Constraints on growth in the aquaculture sector 153
Have per capita supplies of fish for human consumption peaked? 153
Recent growth in aquaculture production 155
Constraints on aquaculture 158
The global context of aquaculture growth – implications
for constraints 164
Summary and conclusions 175
Notes 176