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<br /><br /> <p>呵呵，不要钱了</p>
<p> </p><br> <p align="right"><font color="#000066">[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-26 21:41:46编辑过]</font></p> <p align="left"><font color="#000066">Brief introduction for the file:</font></p> <p align="right"><font color="#000066"></font> </p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song14" align="center"><font color="#000000"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="ZH-CN">野外实习资料的数理统计分析</span></strong></font></p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song14" align="center"><font color="#000000"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="ZH-CN"></span></strong></font> </p> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song14" align="left"><font color="#000000"><strong><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体" lang="ZH-CN"></span></strong></font><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">一元线性回归分析</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'ˎ̥','serif'; FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu"> <!--?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--><o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p> <p style="MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song12"><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">一元回归处理的是两个变量之间的关系，即两个变量</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">之间如果存在一定的关系，则通过观测所得数据，找出两者之间的关系式。如果两个变量的关系大致是线性的，那就是一元线性回归问题。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p style="MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song12"><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">对两个现象</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">进行观察或实验，得到两组数值：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X2,…</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Xn</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">和</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">…</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Yn,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">假如要找出一个函数</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y=f(X),</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">使它在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X=X1,X2, …,Xn</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">时的数值</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">f(X1),f(X2), …,f(Xn)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">与观察值</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">…</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Yn</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">趋于接近。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p style="MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song12"><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">在一个平面直角坐标</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">XOY</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">中找出（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">），（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">），</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">…</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，（</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Xn</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Yn</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">）各点，将其各点分布状况进行察看，即可以清楚地看出其各点分布状况接近一条直线。对于这种线性关系，可以用数学公式表示：</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p style="MARGIN: auto 0in; mso-outline-level: 1" class="song12"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu"><font color="#000000">Y = a + bX<o:p></o:p></font></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: auto 0in" class="song12"><font color="#000000"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">这条直线所表示的关系，叫做变量</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">对</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">的回归直线，也叫</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">对</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">的回归方程。其中</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">a</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">为常数，</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">b</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">为</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">Y</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">对于</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="PMingLiu">X</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥" lang="ZH-CN">的回归系数。</span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p align="right"> </p> |
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