<P>这里和其它地方都有许多人认为中国现在非常不公平，分配体制问题重重，因此愤愤不平。下个断言是容易的。学子的作用在于研究为什么会出现这些现象，理解这些现象，从而提出解决问题的办法。这篇论文不仅是一个比较的起点。更重要的是它揭示了一种研究的方法。 </P>
<P>Fairness and Redistribution: US versus Europe</P>
<P><a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=20205" target="_blank" >ALBERTO F. ALESINA </A>
Harvard University - Department of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
<a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=232859" target="_blank" >GEORGE-MARIOS ANGELETOS </A>
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)</P>
<P><B>Abstract: </B>
<FONT face="ARIAL, HELVETICA">Different beliefs about how fair social competition is and what determines income inequality, influence the redistributive policy chosen democratically in a society. But the composition of income in the first place depends on equilibrium tax policies. If a society believes that individual effort determines income, and that all have a right to enjoy the fruits of their effort, it will choose low redistribution and low taxes. In equilibrium, effort will be high, the role of luck limited, market outcomes will be quite fair, and social beliefs will be self-fulfilled. If instead a society believes that luck, birth, connections and/or corruption determine wealth, it will tax a lot, thus distorting allocations and making these beliefs self-sustained as well. We show how this interaction between social beliefs and welfare policies may lead to multiple equilibria or multiple steady states. We argue that this model can contribute to explain US vis-a-vis continental European perceptions about income inequality and choices of redistributive policies.
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<P>（nie调整金钱消耗）</P>
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[此贴子已经被nie于2005-2-23 14:47:30编辑过]