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【发展经济学】 From divergence to convergence
1论文标题FromDivergencetoConvergence:Re-evaluatingtheHistoryBehindChina'sEconomicBoom2作者信息Brandt,LorenandMa,DebinandRawski,ThomasG.3出处和链接（比如，NBERworkingpaperNo.11000）EconomicHistoryWorkingPapers,158/12.LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience,London,UK.4摘要China’slong-termeconomicdynamicsposeaformidablechallengetoeconomichistorians.TheQingEmpire(1644-1911),theworld’slargestnationaleconomypriortothe19thcentury,experiencedatriplingofpopulationduringthe17thand18thcenturieswithnosignsofdiminishingpercapitaincome.Insomeregions,thestandardoflivingmayhavematchedlevelsrecordedinadvancedregionsofWesternEurope.However,withtheIndustrialRevolutionavastgapemergedbetweennewlyrichindustrialnationsandChina’slaggingeconomy.Onlywithanunprecedentedgrowthspurtbeginninginthelate1970shasthegapseparatingChinafromthegloballeadersbeensubstantiallydiminished,andChinaregaineditsformerstandingamongtheworld’slargesteconomies.Thisessaydevelopsanintegratedframeworkforunderstandingthisentirehistory,includingboththelongperiodofdivergenceandthemorerecentconvergenttrend.TheanalysissetsouttoexplainhowdeeplyembeddedpoliticalandeconomicinstitutionsthathadcontributedtoalongprocessofextensivegrowthsubsequentlypreventedChinafromcapturingthebenefitsassociatedwithnewtechnologiesandinformationarisingfromtheIndustrialRevolution.Duringthe20thcentury,thegradualerosionofthesehistoricconstraintsandofnewobstaclescreatedbysocialistplanningeventuallyopenedthedoortoChina’scurrentboom.OuranalysislinksChina’srecenteconomicdevelopmenttoimportantelementsofitspast,whileusingthesuccessofthelastthreedecadestoprovidefreshperspectivesonthecriticalobstaclesunderminingearliermodernizationefforts,andtheirremovaloverthelastcenturyandahalf.三位作者，第一位和第三位都是赫赫有名的中国问题专家，第二作者是中国经济史专家。
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美国城镇欲借绿色就业培训发展经济
就业零星增长尽管有诸多挑战，尽管有一些备受瞩目的失败案例占据了新闻标题（比如太阳能面板制造公司SolyndraLLC的破产），但支持者表示，对于接受可再生能源业培训的人而言，目前和将来都会有大量的机会。丹麦的VestasWindSystemsA/S公司选择将制造工厂设在科罗拉多州的普韦布洛（Pueblo），其雇员在当地的一家社区学院接受公司协同设计的课程的培训。Vestas公司发言人爱莉•约凯拉（AiliJokela）说，在涡轮机安装及维护工作方面，拥有该领域学历的申请者“比其他人占有先机，因为他们有基本技能和知识，这很重要。”Vestas公司目前在全美各地有500个工作职位需要招聘人员。环保团体“自然资源保护理事会”（NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil）最近开启一家网站，跟踪绿色能源工作职位的招聘情况。其数据显示，许多机构招聘的人数很少，伊利诺伊州的一家风电场将创造最多10个全职工作的机会，加利福尼亚州一家太阳能面板元件工厂扩建，将增加30个职位。但是最近也宣布了一些大规模的人事招聘，其中通用电气公司（GeneralElectricCo.）计划在奥罗拉建造一家耗资3亿美元的太阳能薄膜厂，预计会产生大约350个工作职位，每份工作每年至少付5万美元的薪水。这些数字与奥巴马总统在2008年大选中誓言要创造的500万个绿色工作相差甚远。自然资源保护理事会的能源政策分析师蔡•斯蒂格（CaiSteger）说，“情况正在发生改变，”到目前为止绿色就业的增长还只是“零星的，然而这样的增长散布于全国各地。”亚当•克里斯曼（AdamChrisman）就是这种零星增长中的一个个案。这位23岁的青年当初在宾夕法尼亚州的一所小学院学习生物时，听说了新墨西哥州的风能培训课程，受到在全新行业里做实用工作的机会的吸引，他报读了这个课程。他说，第一次爬上涡轮机时“有点吓人”。但是他很快就爱上了这个专业。克里斯曼去年夏天在伊利诺伊州一家风电场得到一个实习的机会，他说，他已经收到了长期的工作要约，明年春天毕业时就有全职工作了。现在，他住在图克姆卡里，在这里消费，还把父母和女朋友接到新墨西哥州来玩过。他说，这样的培训对当地显然是件好事。http://www.huarangroup.com/news/hy/2011-12-16/500.html
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[发展经济学]Big BRICs, Weak Foundations
1论文标题BigBRICs,WeakFoundations:TheBeginningofPublicElementaryEducationinBrazil,Russia,India,andChina2作者信息LatikaChaudhary,AldoMusacchio,StevenNafziger,SeYan3出处和链接（比如，NBERworkingpaperNo.11000）NBERWorkingPaperNo.17852，IssuedinFebruary2012，NBERProgram(s):DAE4摘要Ourpaperprovidesacomparativeperspectiveonthedevelopmentofpublicprimaryeducationinfourofthelargestdevelopingeconomiescirca1910:Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina(BRIC).Thesefourcountriesencompassedmorethan50percentoftheworld’spopulationin1910,butremarkablyfewoftheircitizensattendedanyschoolbytheearly20thcentury.Wepresentnew,comparabledataonschoolinputsandoutputsforBRICdrawnfromcontemporarysurveysandgovernmentdocuments.Recentstudiesemphasizetheimportanceofpoliticaldecentralization,andrelativelybroadpoliticalvoicefortheearlyspreadofpublicprimaryeducationindevelopedeconomies.WeidentifytheformerandthelackofthelattertobeimportantinthecontextofBRIC,butwealsooutlinehowotherfactorssuchasfactorendowments,colonialism,serfdom,and,especially,thecharacteristicsofthepoliticalandeconomicelitehelpexplainthelowachievementlevelsofthesefourcountriesandtheincredibleamountofheterogeneitywithineachofthem.最后一位作者大家应该很熟悉，北大的颜色老师
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世界资源研究所招募城市发展经济学家以及研究助理
UrbanDevelopmentEconomistWRICHINAOFFICETheUrbanDevelopmentEconomistwillberesponsibleforstrategicplanning,conductingresearch,designingandimplementingcrosssectoralprogramsfortheSustainableCitiesprojectinChinaandbuildingthenmanagingateamof3-4staff.ThispositionwillbebasedinWRI’sChinaofficeinBeijing.Responsibilities:ResearchandWriting(30%)•Integrativeanalysiswillfocusonkeyeconomicissuesofurbandevelopmenttoincludeeconomicgrowth,economicstructure,investment,consumptionandtrade,population,employment,taxandmunicipalfiscalbudget,financialsystemoperation,regulatoryframeworkofindustries,landuse,etc.Potentialresearchinclude:trendsandstrategiesofurbanization,institutionalanalysisatnationalandlocallevels,urbaneconomicdevelopmentpathways(forecast,scenariostudies),etc.•Provideseconomicinformation(economygrowth,economicstructure,population,employment,taxandmunicipalfiscalbudget,landuse,etc.)andtechnicalsupportsoncross-cuttingissuestootherteamswhoareworkingonenergy,transportandwater.•Responsibleforoverallplanningbeyondenergy,waterandtransport.Communications,outreach,andrelationshipbuilding(30%)Fundraising(10%)Others(5%)•OthertasksdirectedbySustainableCitiesDirector/DeputyCountryDirector,andChinaCountryDirectorQualifications:•Advancedeconomicsdegreeandsubjectmatterexpertiseinurbandevelopment,developmenteconomics,environmentaleconomics,orregionaleconomicsorotherrelatedfields.Master’sdegreerequired.PhDpreferred.oAtleast10yearsofrelevantexperienceinurbandevelopment,environmentaleconomics,orrelatedfields.Thisshallincludeatleast5yearsofprojectexperienceinChina,andsufficientinternationalexperience.Idealsuccessfulcandidatewillhave12-13ormoreyearsofworkexperienceinrelatedeconomicsfieldsandberecognizedassubjectmatterexpert.oExperienceindevelopingandimplementingappliedresearch,anddeliveringresultsandoutcomesoSolidbackgroundininstitutionalanalysisandgovernancedevelopmentoExcellentresearchandquantitativeskills,includingdataanalysis,andmodelingoExperienceinpublishingpapersandfamiliarwithpeerreviewprocessoExcellentmanagementskills,includingprojectmanagementoExcellentorganizational,researchandtime-managementskills,withaprovenabilitytoworkpromptly,accurately,independentlyandefficientlyunderpressure,andtomeettightdeadlines.oPositive,enthusiasticandinnovativeinfacingchallenges,opportunitiesandnewtasks.oDemonstratedteamspiritwithexcellentinterpersonalskillsandabilitytoworkinamulti-culturalenvironmentwithstaff,abilitytoworkincross-sectoralwork,andwithexternalstakeholdersatalllevels.Abletorespondanddealeffectivelywithdiversesituationsusinggoodjudgment,tact,anddiplomacyoPersonality:Self-motivated;takesinitiativetosolveproblemsandpursuesolutions;goodlistenerandcommunicator;inspirestrustandmutualcooperation;inspiredtoworkonenergyandsustainabledevelopmentissues;strongworkethics;believesinWRI’sinstitutionalvaluesoExcellentcommandofwrittenandspokenChinese(Mandarin)andEnglish.oWillingnessandabilitytotravelinternationallyandwithinChinaLocation:Beijing,ChinaPositionreportsto:SustainableCitiesDirector/DeputyCountryDirectorinChinaCompensation:Competitivecompensationwillbeofferedcommensuratewithqualificationsandexperiences.StartDate:Firstquarterof2012ToApply:Qualifiedapplicantsshouldemailacoverletterandcurriculumvitaeorresumetohttp://www.wri.org/jobs.
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【发展经济学】领导人与经济发展——基于中国城市的证据
1论文标题SubnationalLeadersandEconomicGrowthEvidencefromChineseCities2作者信息YangYaoandMuyangZhang3出处和链接http://www.nsd.edu.cn/cn/userfiles/Other/2011-12/2011122215162654986173.pdfCCERworkingpaperNo.E2011006，2011.124摘要AbstractThispaperextendsJonesandOlken(2005)tostudytheroleofsubnationalleadersineconomicgrowthusingcity-leaderpairdatacollectedfromChina’s18provincesfortheperiod1994-2008.Withasignificantnumberofleadersworkinginmorethanonecityintheirobservedcareers,ourdataallowustocompareleadersacrosscitiesandimproveonJonesandOlken’stest.Furtherexplorationshowsthatoursampledoesnotsufferfrombiasedattritionandourestimatesoftheleadereffectsarerobusttotransitoryshocksandarenotaffectedbynonrandommovesofleaders.Usingtheleaders’personaleffectsestimatedfromourtest,wefindthatmorecapableleadersfocusmoreonthegrowthofthesecondarysectorthanontheprimaryandtertiarysectors.Inaddition,weobtainfinerresultsthanLiandZhou(2005)’sforthepromotionintheChinesepoliticalhierarchy.Wefindthatpersonalabilityisabetterpredictorthaneconomicgrowthanditseffectincreaseswithaleader’sage.
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发展经济学基本理论比较研究新框架
发展经济学基本理论比较研究新框架本文通过提出一般均衡层次模型，建立理论坐标系，能够为经济学与发展经济学初学者迅速入门，快速明确不同经济学理论与发展经济学理论的本质、优点与缺点。通过本文提出的理论坐标系，读者可以快速对不同经济学与发展经济学理论进行定位，从而尽快“进入”经济学并能够轻松“走出”经济学。做学问分为三个阶段，一是在行外看热闹阶段，二是“进得去”阶段，三是“出得来”阶段。通过学习杨小凯的新兴古典经济学，能够快速“进入”到经济学领域，通过本文提供的理论坐标系，能够快速“走出”经济学。通过本文的经济学理论坐标系，能够深入掌握目前经济学中的五大核心难题。本文是适合于经济学本科生高年级或者硕士、博士生作为洞悉经济学理论实质的快速工具。[此贴子已经被hedy5530于2007-7-920:37:01编辑过]
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【发展经济学】China’s Internal Borders
1论文标题China’sInternalBorders:EvidencefromtheBusinessCycleCorrelationsacrossChineseCities2作者信息YingFang,LiQi,andZhongjianLin3出处和链接（比如，NBERworkingpaperNo.11000）王亚南学院工作论文WP20100726http://wise.xmu.edu.cn/paperInfor.asp?id=1754摘要Wemeasurethecorrelationsbetweentwocities’realGDPgrowthrates(ameasureofbusinesscyclecorrelations)tocapturethedegreeofsegmentationacrossChina’sprovincialandregionalborders.Thistypeofsegmentationcanbecausedbylocalprotectionismaswellasothereconomicandgeographicfactorsthataffectbusinesscyclecorrelationsbetweentwocities.Aftercontrollingtheseotherfactors,weareabletopindownthebordereffectthatisduetolocalprotectionism:administrativebordereffect.Wefindthattheinter-provincialadministrativebordereffectfirstroseandthengraduallydeclinedintheperiodbetween1991and2007.Further,itsincreasecoincidedwiththeintroductionoftheTaxSharingSystemreform,whichstartedin1994.Thisadministrativebordereffectdeclinedsteadilyinrecentyearsasthetaxreformwasfullyinstituted.OuranalysisshowsthatChina’sreformpath(undermarket-preservingfederalism)didnotcreateapersistentprovincial“administrativebordereffect”thatdebilitatedmarketforces.
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[求助]关于发展经济学中生育决策的问题
最近在自学DebrajRay教授的《发展经济学》，有一个地方有些疑问，希望共同讨论。第九章PopulationGrowthandEconomicDevelopment中，Ray教授写道：个人在希望得到养老支持的动机下选择子女的数目，而子女却未必在未来给父母提供养老，这可能出于以下原因：（1）子女可能会死亡；（2）子女可能无法获得足够的收入来支持父母；（3）即使有能力支持父母，子女也可能不孝并有意不支持父母养老三个原因中的任一种发生概率的提高都会促使父母决定多生孩子。但是我想，如果孩子数目增加，用在每个孩子身上的资源就会减少，孩子得到的营养和教育水平就会更低，就更可能死亡，也更可能无法预期在未来得不到足够的收入来供养父母。为什么父母在生育决策上没有考虑这些因素，而还是要多生孩子呢？[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-1919:46:46编辑过]
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【发展经济学】 Identity, Inequality, and Happiness : Evidence from Urban China
1论文标题Identity,Inequality,andHappiness:EvidencefromUrbanChina2作者信息Jiang,Shiqing;Lu,Ming;Sato,Hiroshi3出处和链接http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/rs/bitstream/10086/18368/1/gd09-131.pdf一桥大学工作论文2010年第131号4摘要ThispaperpresentstheimpactofincomeinequalityonthesubjectivewellbeingofthreedifferentsocialgroupsinurbanChina.Weclassifyurbansocialgroupsaccordingtotheirhukoustatus:ruralmigrants,“born”urbanresidents,and“acquired”urbanresidentswhohadchangedtheirhukouidentityfromruraltourban.Wefocusonhowtheincomedisparitybetweenmigrantsandurbanresidentsaffectsindividualhappiness.Themainresultsareasfollows.Peoplefeelunhappyifinequalityisrelatedtotheirhukouidentity,irrespectiveofwhethertheyareurbanresidentswithorwithouthukou.However,whenidentity-relatedinequalityandotherindividual-andcity-levelcharacteristicsarecontrolled,inequalitymeasuredbycity-levelGiniincreaseshappiness.Wealsofindthatamongurbanresidentswhoownhukou,mostlythe“acquired”urbanresidentsareunhappywithhukou-relatedinequality.Thisimpliesthatidentityisformedbybothpolicyandpersonalexperience.“Born”urbanresidentshavelowerhappinessscoreswhentheyareold.CommunistPartymembersstronglydisliketheidentity-relatedinequality本文最近被worlddevelopment发表，具体信息：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X11002865注：LuMing=陆铭
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[下载]马传栋著，《可持续发展经济学》.pdf
【作 者】马传栋著【丛书名】【形态项】431;20cm【读秀号】000001315289【出版项】山东人民出版社,2002【ISBN号】7-209-02904-4/F061.3【原书定价】CNY32.00网上购买【主题词】可持续发展(学科:发展经济学)可持续发展发展经济学【参考文献格式】马传栋著.可持续发展经济学.山东人民出版社,2002.内容提要:山东省社会科学“九·五”规划重点研究项目山东社会科学院出版资助项目:本书介绍了可持续发展经济学的研究对象、内容和学科地位，阐述了可持续发展资源配置论、可持续发展资源配置的综合效益论、可持续发展的财富论等理论内容。
