影响历史进程的50篇金融文章 ——Jurnal of Finance自诞生以来引用次数最高的50篇文章 由美国金融学会主办的学术杂志《金融学杂志》（Journal Of Finance），自1946年创刊以来主要刊载金融理论及投资、货币、银行、保险和金融市场等方面的文章。该刊目前由美国出版商Wiley-Blackwell 代美国金融学会出版。2008年影响因子：4.018，在ISI 同类48 本期刊中排名第1，是金融领域同时也是经济领域被引用最多的期刊之一。 Harry Markowitz发表于1952年3月刊的论文《证券组合选择》，后来成了证券组合管理理论的基石；1961年，William Vickrey发表于该杂志的文章，对拍卖做了经典的分析。一年后，William F. Sharpe发表了《资本资产价格：风险条件下的市场均衡理论》一文，与Lintner等人的研究，共同发现了资本资产定价模型；1970年5月，Eugene F. Fama发表了《有效市场：理论与经验研究的评论》，正式提出了有效市场假说；四年后，Robert C. Merton发表了《企业债务的定价》，用期权定价模型解决了企业的定价问题；世纪末，Andrei Shleifer在该刊发表了对公司治理的研究，此文至今仍被大量引用…… 现在，让我们一起看看那些曾经书写历史的学术论文吧。 1) Portfolio Selection Harry Markowitz Volume 7, Issue 1 March 1952 2) Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk William F. Sharpe Volume 19, Issue 3 September 1964 3) Efficient Capital Markets: Review Of Theory And Empirical Work Eugene F. Fama Volume 25, Issue 2 May 1970 4) The Cross-Section Of Expected Stock Returns Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 47, Issue 2 June 1992 5) Counterspeculation, Auctions, And Competitive Sealed Tenders William Vickrey Volume 16, Issue 1 March 1961 6) A Survey Of Corporate Governance Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 2 June 1997 7) Legal Determinants Of External Finance Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 3 July 1997 8) Corporate Ownership Around The World Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer Volume 54, Issue 2 April 1999 9) On the Pricing Of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure Of Interest Rates Robert C. Merton Volume 29, Issue 2 May 1974 10) Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy Edward I. Altman Volume 23, Issue 4 September 1968 11) The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, And The Failure Of Internal Control-Systems Michael C. Jensen Volume 48, Issue 3 July 1993 12) On Persistence In Mutual Fund Performance Mark M. Carhart Volume 52, Issue 1 March 1997 13) On The Relation Between The Expected Value And The Volatility Of The Nominal Excess Return On Stocks Lawrence R. Glosten, Ravi Jagannathan, David E. Runkle Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 14) Returns To Buying Winners And Selling Losers: Implications For Stock Market Efficiency Narasimhan Jegadeesh, Sheridan Titman Volume 48, Issue 1 March 1993 15) Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, And Financial Intermediation Hayne E. Leland, David H. Pyle Volume 32, Issue 2 May 1977 16) The Pricing Of Options On Assets With Stochastic Volatilities John Hull, Alan White Volume 42, Issue 2 June 1987 17) Efficient Capital Markets: II Eugene F. Fama Volume 46, Issue 5 December 1991 18) Does The Stock Market Overreact? Werner F. M. De Bondt, Richard Thaler Volume 40, Issue 3 July 1985 19) Multifactor Explanations Of Asset Pricing Anomalies Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 51, Issue 1 March 1996 20) The Capital Structure Puzzle Stewart C. Myers Volume 39, Issue 3 July 1984 21) The Performance Of Mutual Funds In Period 1945-1964 Michael C. Jensen Volume 23, Issue 2 May 1968 22) Debt And Taxes Merton H. Miller Volume 32, Issue 2 May 1977 23) What Do We Know About Capital Structure? Some Evidence From International Data Raghuram G. Rajan, Luigi Zingales Volume 50, Issue 5 December 1995 24) The Benefits Of Lending Relationships: Evidence From Small Business Data Mitchell A. Petersen, Raghuram G. Rajan Volume 49, Issue 1 March 1994 25) Measuring And Testing The Impact Of News On Volatility Robert F. Engle, Victor K. Ng Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 26) Investor Psychology And Security Market Under- And Overreactions Kent Daniel, David Hirshleifer, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam Volume 53, Issue 6 December 1998 27) Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, And Risk Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 49, Issue 5 December 1994 28) A Simple Model Of Capital Market Equilibrium With Incomplete Information Robert C. Merton Volume 42, Issue 3 July 1987 29) Insiders And Outsiders: The Choice Between Informed And Arms-Length Debt Raghuram G. Rajan Volume 47, Issue 4 September 1992 30) Why Does Stock Market Volatility Change Over Time? G. William Schwert Volume 44, Issue 5 September 1989 31) The Determinants Of Capital Structure Choice Sheridan Titman, Roberto Wessels Volume 43, Issue 1 March 1988 32) Inferring Trade Direction From Intraday Data Charles M.C. Lee, Mark J. Ready Volume 46, Issue 2 June 1991 33) The New Issues Puzzle Tim Loughran, Jay R. Ritter Volume 50, Issue 1 March 1995 34) The Limits Of Arbitrage Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 1 March 1997 35) Noise Fischer Black Volume 41, Issue 3 July 1986 36) Investor Protection And Corporate Valuation Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, Robert Vishny Volume 57. Issue 3 June 2002 37) The Theory Of Capital Structure Milton Harris, Artur Raviv Volume 46, Issue 1 March 1991 38) The Long-Run Performance Of Initial Public Offerings Jay R. Ritter Volume 46, Issue 1 March 1991 39) Initial Public Offerings And Underwriter Reputation Richard Carter, Steven Manaster Volume 45, Issue 4 September 1990 40) Dividend Policy Under Asymmetric Information Merton H. Miller, Kevin Rock Volume 40, Issue 4 September 1985 41) A Simple Implicit Measure Of The Effective Bid-Ask Spread In An Efficient Market Richard Roll Volume 39, Issue 4 September 1984 42) Empirical Performance Of Alternative Option Pricing Models Gurdip Bakshi, Charles Cao, Zhiwu Chen Volume 52, Issue 5 December 1997 43) Compensation And Incentives: Practice vs. Theory George P. Baker, Michael C. Jensen, Kevin J. Murphy Volume 43, Issue 3 July 1988 44) Are Investors Reluctant To Realize Their Losses? Terrance Odean Volume 53, Issue 5 October 1998 45) Size And Book-To-Market Factors In Earnings And Returns Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 50, Issue 1 March 1995 46) Security Prices, Risk, And Maximal Gains From Diversification John Lintner Volume 20, Issue 4 December 1965 47) An Empirical Comparison Of Alternative Models Of The Short-Term Interest-Rate K. C. Chan, G. Andrew Karolyi, Francis A. Longstaff, Anthony B. Sanders Volume 47, Issue 3 July 1992 48) Risk Management Coordinating Corporate Investment And Financing Policies Kenneth A. Froot, David S. Scharfstein, Jeremy C. Stein Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 49) Disentangling The Incentive And Entrenchment Effects Of Large Shareholdings Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, Larry H. P. Lang Volume 57, Issue 6 December 2002 50) Valuing Corporate Securities: Some Effects Of Bond Indenture Provisions Fischer Black, John C. Cox Volume 31, Issue 2 May 1976 （转自经济金融网）
The list below details the 40 journals used by the Financial Times in compiling the Business School research rank, included in both the Global MBA and EMBA rankings. Accounting 1. Accounting, Organisations and Society (Elsevier) 2. Journal of Accounting and Economics (Elsevier) 3. Journal of Accounting Research (University of Chicago) 4. The Accounting Review (American Accounting Association) Entrepreneurship 5. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice (Baylor University, Waco, Texas) 6. Journal of Business Venturing (Elsevier) General Management 7. Academy of Management Journal (Academy of Management, Ada, Ohio) 8. Academy of Management Review (Academy of Management) 9. Journal of International Business Studies (Academy of International Business) 10. Management International Review (Gabler) 11. Strategic Management Journal (John Wiley and Sons) Marketing 12. Journal of Marketing (American Marketing Association) 13. Journal of Marketing Research (American Marketing Association) 14. Journal of Consumer Research (University of Chicago) 15. Marketing Science (Informs) Organisational Behaviour 16. Journal of Applied Psychology (American Psychological Association) 17. Organization Science (Informs) 18. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes (Academic Press) Economics 19. Econometrica (Econometric Society, University of Chicago) 20. Journal of Political Economy (University of Chicago) 21. The American Economic Review (American Economic Association, Nashville) 22. The Rand Journal of Economics (The Rand Corporation) Finance 23. Journal of Finance (Blackwell) 24. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis - NEW 25. Journal of Financial Economics (Elsevier) 26. Review of Financial Studies (Oxford University Press) Human Resource Management 27. Human Resource Management (John Wiley and Sons) 28. International Journal of Human Resource management (Routledge) Operations and IT 29. Information Systems Research (Informs) 30. Journal of Operations Management (Elsevier) 31. MIS Quarterly (Management Information Systems Research Centre, University of Minnesota) 32. Management Science (Informs) 33. Operations Research (Informs) Practitioners 34. Academy of Management Perspectives (AMP) 35. California Management Review (UC Berkeley) 36. Harvard Business Review (Harvard Business School Publishing) 37. Sloan Management Review (MIT) Other 38. Administrative Science Quarterly (Cornell University) 39. Journal of the American Statistical Association (American Statistical Association) 40. The Journal of Business Ethics (Kluwer Academic)
改革开放以来国内仫佬族研究综述 湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版) , Journal of Hubei Institute for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 2012年05期 【作者】 莫艳婷； 马强； 【机构】 陕西师范大学西北民族研究中心； 【摘要】 改革开放以来,国内仫佬族研究取得了丰硕的学术成果,涉及仫佬族族源、族称、社会组织、语言、岁时礼仪、生命周期礼仪、民间故事、民歌、文学等内容。其中岁时礼仪、生命周期礼仪、民间故事、民歌、文学等方面研究成果突出;关于仫佬族族称、族源、语言等方面研究薄弱;社会组织等其它方面研究欠缺。 【关键词】 仫佬族； 研究综述； 述评；
改革开放以来国内仫佬族研究综述 湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版) , Journal of Hubei Institute for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences), 编辑部邮箱, 2012年05期 【作者】 莫艳婷； 马强； 【机构】 陕西师范大学西北民族研究中心； 【摘要】 改革开放以来,国内仫佬族研究取得了丰硕的学术成果,涉及仫佬族族源、族称、社会组织、语言、岁时礼仪、生命周期礼仪、民间故事、民歌、文学等内容。其中岁时礼仪、生命周期礼仪、民间故事、民歌、文学等方面研究成果突出;关于仫佬族族称、族源、语言等方面研究薄弱;社会组织等其它方面研究欠缺。 【关键词】 仫佬族； 研究综述； 述评；
False Alarm: Obama Will Continue Spying On "Allies" After All Submitted by Tyler Durden on 10/28/2013 22:43 -0400 President Obama Wall Street Journal White House In a dramatic change of events that is a) sure to not win the administration any goodwill point with the citizens of the free, or enslaved, world or their insolvent leaders so desperately reliant on the US for day to day funding, and b) will confirm the state of complete policy chaos that is at the core of the Obama administration's handling of the ObamaPhone spygate (where for some reason the fact that the US spied on foreigners, as it should, has taken far more precedence over the NSA intercepting and recording each and every domestic communication, with neither checks nor balances), the earlier reported news originating from the Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee Dianne Feinstein, who said that "the White House has informed me that collection on our allies will not continue, which I support" was a fabrication. Instead, as The Hill reported shortly thereafter, "A senior administration official on Monday rejected Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Diane Feinstein's claim that the U.S. has halted intelligence collection against its allies. In a statement released earlier Monday, the California Democrat said that the White House "has informed me that collection on our allies will not continue." But the administration official called that statement "not accurate." In other words, the situation surrounding Obama's global Watergate hotel, has devolved to a state where the executive and the Chair of the Legislative's intelligence committee are not even able to communicate in order to get their story straight about lying what the US will and won't do in the future. Because, needless to say, any promise that the US won't do what it obviously will continue doing as there is absolutely no downside to doing so, is merely the latest lie in long and illustrious chain of seasonally adjusted truths. From The Hill: " While we have made some individual changes, which I cannot detail, we have not made across the board changes in policy like, for example, terminating intelligence collection that might be aimed at all allies ," the administration official said. And then the confusion and backtracking began: After the administration’s statement, a spokesman for Feinstein clarified that the senator intended to say that the U.S. was ceasing "collection on foreign allied leaders.” Feinstein also said that it was her understanding President Obama "was not aware" the U.S. had been monitoring the cellphone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel. The Wall Street Journal reported Sunday that Obama first learned of the program, which apparently began in 2002, during an internal audit of intelligence practices this summer. Why do we know Obama is "not" lying? Because he had no comment. In an interview Monday afternoon with Fusion, the president refused to comment when asked about when he became aware of the surveillance. What we do know, is that Obama no longer has a direct feed to Merkel's cell phone. Whatever that means: The administration has announced at least one determination, however. White House press secretary Jay Carney said last week that Obama assured Merkel in a private phone conversation that the administration was not currently monitoring her cell phone, nor would they do so in the future. All the BS aside, in retrospect if indeed the NSA, being a government agency, does its job with the "efficiency" with which the government makes up lies on the fly, then there is absolutely nothing to worry about. For either the allies of the US, as long as that special status continues, or the billions of electronic communications intercepted among US citizens each day. Average: 4.76923 Your rating: None Average: 4.8 ( 13 votes)
NSA Busted Conducting Industrial Espionage In France, Mexico, Brazil, China and All Around the World Submitted by George Washington on 10/21/2013 12:46 -0400 Brazil China Copenhagen Department Of Commerce France Global Economy Japan Mexico national security New York Times Newspaper Saudi Arabia SPY SWIFT Toyota Treasury Department Wall Street Journal in Share 0 U.S. Conducts Industrial Espionage Globally Le Monde has revealed that the NSA gathered more than 70 million French phone calls in a single month . France’s largest English-language newspaper – The Local – reports : Le Monde said the documents gave grounds to think the NSA targeted not only people suspected of being involved in terrorism but also high-profile individuals from the world of business or politics. *** French Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault “I am deeply shocked…. It’s incredible that an allied country like the United States at this point goes as far as spying on private communications that have no strategic justification, no justification on the basis of national defence ,” he told journalists in Copenhagen. Der Spiegel notes : The NSA has been systematically eavesdropping on the Mexican government for years. *** In the space of a single year, according to the internal documents, this operation produced 260 classified reports that allowed US politicians to conduct successful talks on political issues and to plan international investments . The NSA was recently revealed to have been spying on Brazil’s largest oil company . Guardian columnist Seumas Milne correctly notes : #NSA - #GCHQ about power not security : hacked # Mexico president for political/ investment edge , leak shows, like #Brazil …. The NSA was also recently busted spying on Chinese technology company Huawei . German companies are concerned that the NSA has conducted espionage in that country. And the leaders of Latin American countries have also expressed disgust at the industrial espionage. The NSA is also spying on the biggest financial payments systems such as VISA and Swift. In a slide leaked by Edward Snowden, “economic” was one of the main justifications for spying. The top U.S. spy’s justification for such financial spying is: “We collect this information for many important reasons: for one, it could provide the United States and our allies early warning of international financial crises which could negatively impact the global economy. It also could provide insight into other countries’ economic policy or behavior which could affect global markets .” (Top financial experts say that the NSA and other intelligence agencies are also using the information to profit from this inside information . And the NSA wants to ramp up its spying on Wall Street … to “protect” it.) The Spying Has Been Going On For Decades It is true that the spying is about power, and not security. Proof here , here and here . But this has actually been going on for decades . It has long been clear that the U.S. spying program is being used for industrial espionage. The New Statesman wrote about it in 1988. Die Zeit in 1999. The New York Times reported in 1995: Each morning, they gave Mickey Kantor, the United States trade representative, and his aides inside information gathered by the Central Intelligence Agency’s Tokyo station and the electronic eavesdropping equipment of the National Security Agency, sifted by C.I.A. analysts in Washington. Mr. Kantor received descriptions of conversations among Japanese bureaucrats and auto executives from Toyota and Nissan who were pressing for a settlement, and read about the competing pressures on Japan’s Trade Minister, Ryutaro Hashimoto. When the negotiations came to a climax in Geneva, the intelligence team was in place at the Intercontinental Hotel, working alongside Mr. Kantor’s negotiators, offering assessments of how far the Japanese side could be pressed. *** Spying on allies for economic advantage is a crucial new assignment for the C.I.A. now that American foreign policy is focused on commercial interests abroad . President Clinton made economic intelligence a high priority of his Administration, specifically information to protect and defend American competitiveness, technology and financial security in a world where an economic crisis can spread across global markets in minutes. *** At the Treasury Department, the trade representative’s office and the Commerce Department, officials say they now receive a torrent of information from the C.I.A. BBC reported in 2000: A report published by the European Parliament in February alleges that Echelon twice helped US companies gain a commercial advantage over European firms . Duncan Campbell, the British intelligence expert and journalist who wrote the report, raises the prospect that hundreds of US Department of Commerce “success stories”, when US companies beat off European and Japanese commercial opposition, could be attributed to the filtering powers of Echelon. *** The European consortium Airbus lost a $6bn contract with Saudi Arabia after NSA found Airbus officials were offering kickbacks to a Saudi official. The paper said the agency “lifted all the faxes and phone-calls between Airbus, the Saudi national airline and the Saudi Government” to gain this information. *** The US firm Raytheon used information picked up from NSA snooping to secure a $1.4bn contract to supply a radar system to Brazil instead of France’s Thomson-CSF. *** Former CIA director James Woolsey , in an article in March for the Wall Street Journal, acknowledged that the US did conduct economic espionage against its European allies , though he did not specify if Echelon was involved. BONUS: Government Has Contemplated Seizing Pension Money for Over a Decade Top Economic Advisers Forecast War and Unrest Average: 5 Your rating: None Average: 5 ( 8 votes)
30 Mindblowing Statistics About Americans Under The Age Of 30 Submitted by Tyler Durden on 10/04/2013 19:03 -0400 default Default Rate Federal Reserve Gallup Italy National Debt recovery Student Loans Time Magazine Unemployment Wall Street Journal in Share 1 Submitted by Michael Snyder of The Economic Collapse blog , Why are young people in America so frustrated these days? You are about to find out. Most young adults started out having faith in the system. They worked hard, they got good grades, they stayed out of trouble and many of them went on to college. But when their educations where over, they discovered that the good jobs that they had been promised were not waiting for them at the end of the rainbow. Even in the midst of this so-called "economic recovery", the full-time employment rate for Americans under the age of 30 continues to fall. And incomes for that age group continue to fall as well. At the same time, young adults are dealing with record levels of student loan debt. As a result, more young Americans than ever are putting off getting married and having families, and more of them than ever are moving back in with their parents. It can be absolutely soul crushing when you discover that the "bright future" that the system had been promising you for so many years turns out to be a lie. A lot of young people ultimately give up on the system and many of them end up just kind of drifting aimlessly through life. The following is an example from a recent Wall Street Journal article ... James Roy, 26, has spent the past six years paying off $14,000 in student loans for two years of college by skating from job to job. Now working as a supervisor for a coffee shop in the Chicago suburb of St. Charles, Ill., Mr. Roy describes his outlook as "kind of grim." "It seems to me that if you went to college and took on student debt, there used to be greater assurance that you could pay it off with a good job," said the Colorado native, who majored in English before dropping out. "But now, for people living in this economy and in our age group, it's a rough deal." Young adults as a group have been experiencing a tremendous amount of economic pain in recent years. The following are 30 statistics about Americans under the age of 30 that will blow your mind... #1 The labor force participation rate for men in the 18 to 24 year old age bracket is at an all-time low . #2 The ratio of what men in the 18 to 29 year old age bracket are earning compared to the general population is at an all-time low . #3 Only about a third of all adults in their early 20s are working a full-time job. #4 For the entire 18 to 29 year old age bracket, the full-time employment rate continues to fall. In June 2012, 47 percent of that entire age group had a full-time job. One year later, in June 2013, only 43.6 percent of that entire age group had a full-time job. #5 Back in the year 2000, 80 percent of men in their late 20s had a full-time job. Today, only 65 percent do. #6 In 2007, the unemployment rate for the 20 to 29 year old age bracket was about 6.5 percent. Today, the unemployment rate for that same age group is about 13 percent . #7 American families that have a head of household that is under the age of 30 have a poverty rate of 37 percent . #8 During 2012, young adults under the age of 30 accounted for 23 percent of the workforce, but they accounted for a whopping 36 percent of the unemployed. #9 During 2011, 53 percent of all Americans with a bachelor’s degree under the age of 25 were either unemployed or underemployed. #10 At this point about half of all recent college graduates are working jobs that do not even require a college degree. #11 The number of Americans in the 16 to 29 year old age bracket with a job declined by 18 percent between 2000 and 2010. #12 According to one survey, 82 percent of all Americans believe that it is harder for young adults to find jobs today than it was for their parents to find jobs. #13 Incomes for U.S. households led by someone between the ages of 25 and 34 have fallen by about 12 percent after you adjust for inflation since the year 2000. #14 In 1984, the median net worth of households led by someone 65 or older was 10 times larger than the median net worth of households led by someone 35 or younger. Today, the median net worth of households led by someone 65 or older is 47 times larger than the median net worth of households led by someone 35 or younger. #15 In 2011, SAT scores for young men were the worst that they had been in 40 years . #16 Incredibly, approximately two-thirds of all college students graduate with student loans. #17 According to the Federal Reserve, the total amount of student loan debt has risen by 275 percent since 2003. #18 In America today, 40 percent of all households that are led by someone under the age of 35 are paying off student loan debt. Back in 1989, that figure was below 20 percent . #19 The total amount of student loan debt in the United States now exceeds the total amount of credit card debt in the United States. #20 According to the U.S. Department of Education, 11 percent of all student loans are at least 90 days delinquent. #21 The student loan default rate in the United States has nearly doubled since 2005. #22 One survey found that 70% of all college graduates wish that they had spent more time preparing for the "real world" while they were still in college. #23 In the United States today, there are more than 100,000 janitors that have college degrees. #24 In the United States today, 317,000 waiters and waitresses have college degrees. #25 Today, an all-time low 44.2 percent of all Americans between the ages of 25 and 34 are married. #26 According to the Pew Research Center, 57 percent of all Americans in the 18 to 24 year old age bracket lived with their parents during 2012. #27 One poll discovered that 29 percent of all Americans in the 25 to 34 year old age bracket are still living with their parents. #28 Young men are nearly twice as likely to live with their parents as young women the same age are. #29 Overall, approximately 25 million American adults are living with their parents according to Time Magazine. #30 Young Americans are becoming increasingly frustrated that previous generations have saddled them with a nearly 17 trillion dollar national debt that they are expected to make payments on for the rest of their lives. And this trend is not just limited to the United States. As I have written about frequently, unemployment rates for young adults throughout Europe have been soaring to unprecedented heights. For example, the unemployment rate for those under the age of 25 in Italy has now reached 40.1 percent . Simon Black of the Sovereign Man blog discussed this global trend in a recent article on his website... Youth unemployment rates in these countries are upwards of 40% to nearly 70%. The most recent figures published by the Italian government show yet another record high in youth unemployment. An entire generation is now coming of age without being able to leave the nest or have any prospect of earning a decent wage in their home country. This underscores an important point that I’ve been writing about for a long time: young people in particular get the sharp end of the stick. They’re the last to be hired, the first to be fired, the first to be sent off to fight and die in foreign lands, and the first to have their benefits cut. And if they’re ever lucky enough to find meaningful employment, they can count on working their entire lives to pay down the debts of previous generations through higher and higher taxes. But when it comes time to collect… finally… those benefits won’t be there for them. Meanwhile, the overall economy continues to get even weaker . In the United States, Gallup's daily economic confidence index is now the lowest that it has been in more than a year . For young people that are in high school or college right now, the future does not look bright. In fact, this is probably as good as the U.S. economy is going to get. It is probably only going to be downhill from here. The system is failing, and young people are going to become even angrier and even more frustrated. So what will that mean for our future? 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Spy Agencies Are Doing WHAT? Submitted by George Washington on 09/23/2013 10:32 -0400 Apple FBI Global Economy Israel national security Obama Administration Obamacare President Obama SPY Steve Jobs SWIFT Wall Street Journal in Share 1 Revelations about the breathtaking scope of government spying are coming so fast that it's time for an updated roundup: The government is spying on essentially everything we do . It is not just "metadata" ... although that is enough to destroy your privacy The government has adopted a secret interpretation of the Patriot Act which allows it to pretend that " everything " is relevant ... so it spies on everyone . For example, the NSA "oversight" court believes the mere claim that terrorists use the phone system is enough to show that all phone records are relevant NSA whistleblowers say that the NSA collects all of our conversations word-for-word It's not just the NSA ... Many other agencies, like the FBI and IRS – concerned only with domestic issues - spy on Americans as well. The Drug Enforcement Administration has had direct access to ATT phone records for 25 years The information gained through spying is shared with federal, state and local agencies , and they are using that information to prosecute petty crimes such as drugs and taxes . The agencies are instructed to intentionally "launder" the information gained through spying, i.e. to pretend that they got the information in a more legitimate way ... and to hide that from defense attorneys and judges The Department of Health and Human Services will also have access to vast quantities of sensitive federal data on Americans as part of Obamacare (here's the underlying Government Accountability Office report ) The NSA not only shares our information with other American agencies, it also gives personal, sensitive unfiltered information on Americans to Israel and other foreign nations And it's not only governments. Private A id=_GPLITA_3 title="Click to Continue by Text-Enhance" href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/07/mass-spying-being-used-to-make-some-people-rich.html#" data-mce-href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/07/mass-spying-being-used-to-make-some-people-rich.html#"contractors can also view all of your data (and the government isn’t keeping track of which contractors see your data and which don’t ). And because background checks regarding some contractors are falsified, it is hard to know the types of people that might have your information. Indeed, private contractors are involved in spying on behalf of governments world-wide It's not just your computer and your phone. It is well-documented that the government may be spying on us through cars and buses, streetlights, at airports and on the street, via mobile scanners and drones, through our smart meters , and in many other ways Top counter-terror experts say that the government’s mass spying doesn't keep us safe Indeed, they say that mass spying actually hurts U.S. counter-terror efforts (more here and here ) They say we can, instead, keep everyone safe without violating the Constitution ... more cheaply and efficiently than the current system There is no real oversight by Congress , the courts , or the executive branch of government. And see this and this . Indeed, most Congress members had no idea what the NSA is doing . Even staunch defenders of the NSA - and congress members on the intelligence oversight committees - now say they've been kept in the dark A Federal judge who was on the secret spying court for 3 years says that it's a kangaroo court Even the current judges on the secret spying court now admit that they're out of the loop and powerless to exercise real oversight . When these judges raised concerns about NSA spying, the Justice Department completely ignored them A former U.S. president says that the spying program shows that we no longer have a functioning democracy The chairs of the 9/11 Commission say that NSA spying has gone way too far Top constitutional experts say that Obama and Bush are worse than Nixon ... and the Stasi East Germans While the government initially claimed that mass surveillance on Americans prevented more than 50 terror attacks, the NSA’s deputy director John Inglis walked that position back all the way to saying that – at the most – one (1) plot might have been disrupted by the bulk phone records collection alone. In other words, the NSA can't prove that stopped any terror attacks. The government greatly exaggerated an alleged recent terror plot for political purposes ( and promoted the fearmongering of serial liars ). The argument that recent terror warnings show that NSA spying is necessary is so weak that American counter-terrorism experts have slammed it as "crazy pants" You're much more likely to be killed by brain-eating amoeba , lightning or a toddler than by terrorism. Even President Obama admits that you're much less likely to be killed by terrorists than a car accident . So the government has resorted to lamer and lamer excuses to try to justify mass surveillance Experts say that the spying program is illegal , and is exactly the kind of thing which King George imposed on the American colonists ... which led to the Revolutionary War A Harvard law school professor - and director of theBerkman Center for Internet Society at Harvard University - says : "The NSA has mounted a systematic campaign against the foundations of American power: constitutional checks and balances, technological leadership, and market entrepreneurship . The NSA scandal is no longer about privacy, or a particular violation of constitutional or legislative obligations. The American body politic is suffering a severe case of auto-immune disease: our defense system is attacking other critical systems of our body ". The top counter-terrorism Czar under Clinton and Bush says that revealing NSA spying programs does not harm national security The feds are considering prosecuting the owner of a private email company - who shut down his business rather than turning over records to the NSA - for refusing to fork over the information and keep quiet. This is a little like trying to throw someone in jail because he's died and is no longer paying taxes Whistleblowers on illegal spying have no "legal" way to get the information out Spying started before 9/11 ... and various excuses have been used to spy on Americans over the years Governments and big corporations are doing everything they can to destroy anonymity Mass spying creates an easy mark for hackers . Indeed, the Pentagon now sees the collection of "big data" as a "national security threat" ... but the NSA is the biggest data collector on the planet, and thus provides a tempting mother lode of information for foreign hackers Mass surveillance by the NSA directly harms internet companies, Silicon Valley, California … and the entire U.S. economy . For example, Facebook lost 11 millions users as of April mainly due to privacy concerns (and that was before the Snowden revelations). And see these reports from Boingboing and the Guardian IT and security professionals are quite concerned about government spying Some people make a lot of money off of mass spying. But the government isn't using the spying program to stop the worst types of lawlessness The NSA spying program is unambiguously being used for industrial espionage , by spying on large foreign corporations , and the biggest financial payments systems such as VISA and Swift. Indeed, in a slide leaked by Edward Snowden, "economic" was one of the main justifications for spying The top U.S. spy's justifications for such financial spying is not very reassuring : "We collect this information for many important reasons: for one, it could provide the United States and our allies early warning of international financial crises which could negatively impact the global economy. It also could provide insight into other countries' economic policy or behavior which could affect global markets ." Top financial experts say that the NSA and other intelligence agencies are using the information to profit from this inside information The Wall Street Journal reported that the NSA spies on Americans’ credit card transactions . Many other agencies are doing the same . In fact, virtually all U.S. intelligence agencies – including the CIA and NSA – are going to spy on Americans’ finances . The A id=_GPLITA_5 title="Click to Continue by Text-Enhance" href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/07/mass-spying-being-used-to-make-some-people-rich.html#" data-mce-href="http://www.washingtonsblog.com/2013/07/mass-spying-being-used-to-make-some-people-rich.html#"IRS will also be spying on Americans’ shopping records, travel, social interactions, health records and files from other government investigators Polls show that the public doesn’t believe the NSA … and thinks that the government has gone way too far in the name of terrorism While leaker Edward Snowden is treated as a traitor by the fatcats and elites, he is considered a hero by the American public . Members of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of government have all praised the debate on spying which Snowden's leaks started The heads of the intelligence services have repeatedly been caught lying about spying. And even liberal publications are starting to say that Obama has been intentionally lying about spying . The government claimed that most spying programs ended in 2011, when - in fact - they were expanded that year Obama says he'll rein in spying ... but his words and deeds indicate that he won't . Indeed, Obama appointed the fox to guard the chicken coop . No wonder only 11% of Americans trust Obama to actually do anything to rein in spying A huge majority of Americans wants the director of intelligence - Clapper - prosecuted for perjury . One of the chairs of the 9/11 Commission agrees While the Obama administration is spying on everyone in the country – it is at the same time the most secretive administration ever ( background ). That’s despite Obama saying he’s running the most transparent administration ever The NSA treats the American people with contempt . For example, Spiegel notes : "The authors of the draw a comparison with "1984," ... revealing the agency's current view of smartphones and their users. "Who knew in 1984 that this would be Big Brother …" the authors ask, in reference to a photo of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. And commenting on photos of enthusiastic Apple customers and iPhone users, the NSA writes: "… and the zombies would be paying customers ? Worse, the intelligence agencies often view normal, true-blue Americans as potential terrorists (and see this ) A Congressman noted that - even if a mass surveillance program is started for good purposes - it will inevitably turn into a witch hunt There are indications that the spy agencies aren't just passively gathering information, but are actively using it in mischievous ways Surveillance can be used to frame you if someone in government happens to take a dislike to you Government spying has always focused on crushing dissent … not on keeping us safe An NSA whistleblower says that the NSA is spying on – and blackmailing – top government officials and military officers (and see this ) High-level US government officials have warned for 40 years that mass surveillance would lead to tyranny in America A top NSA whistleblower says that the only way to fix things is to fire all of the corrupt government officials who let it happen . As the polls above show, the American public is starting to wake up to that fact Average: 5 Your rating: None Average: 5 ( 34 votes)
有谁知道如何用stata 11做gender wage gap decomposition？就是Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition那种方法 有谁知道请帮帮忙，万分感谢啊！！ findit nldecompose 至于使用法，请自己看帮助文件。【下载后，请help nldecompose】 如果想看更详细，请把帮助文件中建议的Stata Journal调出来【蓝色版主有为大家提供】 Good question. I'll show three sources to do the empirical task for Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition. First, Jann, Ben (2008). "The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models." The Stata Journal 8(4): 453-479. It will be the excellent guide to study the theoretical ideas and to do the Stata commnad 'oaxaca.'Second, the zipped file for 'oaxaca,' including oaxaca.do, oaxaca.dta, oaxaca.hlp, etc. Finally, Bausr, Hahn and Sinning (2007)'s presentation file to guide how to do "Blinder-Oaxaca Devomposition for Linear and Non-linear Models." Good luck!
It Doesn't Matter Submitted by Tyler Durden on 11/06/2012 21:22 -0500 ABC News Congressional Budget Office ETC FBI Finland Germany Gross Domestic Product Hong Kong Medicare National Debt NBC Tax Revenue Wall Street Journal Via Simon Black of Sovereign Man blog , It’s really hard to ignore what’s happening today; the election phenomenon is global. Over the last several weeks, I’ve traveled to so many countries, and EVERYWHERE it seems, the US presidential election is big news. Even when I was in Myanmar ten days ago, local pundits were engaged in the Obamney debate. Chile. Spain. Germany. Finland. Hong Kong. Thailand. Singapore. It was inescapable. The entire world seems fixated on this belief that it actually matters who becomes the President of the United States anymore… or that one of these two guys is going to ‘fix’ things. Fact is, it doesn’t matter. Not one bit. And I’ll show you mathematically: 1) When the US federal government spends money, expenses are officially categorized in three different ways. Discretionary spending includes nearly everything we think of related to government– the US military, Air Force One, the Department of Homeland Security, TSA agents who sexually assault passengers, etc. Mandatory spending includes entitlements like Medicare, Social Security, VA benefits, etc. which are REQUIRED by law to be paid. The final category is interest on the debt. It is non-negotiable. Mandatory spending and debt interest go out the door automatically. It’s like having your mortgage payment autodrafted from your bank account– Congress doesn’t even see the money, it’s automatically deducted. 2) With the rise of baby boomer entitlements and steady increase in overall debt levels, mandatory spending and interest payments have exploded in recent years. In fact, the Congressional Budget Office predicted in 2010 that the US government’s TOTAL revenue would be exceeded by mandatory spending and interest expense within 15-years. That’s a scary thought. Except it happened the very next year. 3) In Fiscal Year 2011, the federal government collected $2.303 trillion in tax revenue. Interest on the debt that year totaled $454.4 billion, and mandatory spending totaled $2,025 billion. In sum, mandatory spending plus debt interest totaled $2.479 trillion… exceeding total revenue by $176.4 billion. For Fiscal Year 2012 which just ended 37 days ago, that shortfall increased 43% to $251.8 billion. In other words, they could cut the entirety of the Federal Government’s discretionary budget – no more military, SEC, FBI, EPA, TSA, DHS, IRS, etc.– and they would still be in the hole by a quarter of a trillion dollars. 4) Raising taxes won’t help. Since the end of World War II, tax receipts in the US have averaged 17.7% of GDP in a very tight range. The low has been 14.4% of GDP, and the high has been 20.6% of GDP. During that period, however, tax rates have been all over the board. Individual rates have ranged from 10% to 91%. Corporate rates from 15% to 53%. Gift taxes, estate taxes, etc. have all varied. And yet, total tax revenue has stayed nearly constant at 17.7% of GDP. It doesn’t matter how much they increase tax rates – they won’t collect any more money. 5) GDP growth prospects are tepid at best. Facing so many headwinds like quickening inflation, an enormous debt load, and debilitating regulatory burdens, the US economy is barely keeping pace with population growth. 6) The only thing registering any meaningful growth in the US is the national debt. It took over 200 years for the US government to accumulate its first trillion dollars in debt. It took just 286 days to accumulate the most recent trillion (from $15 trillion to $16 trillion). Last month alone, the first full month of Fiscal Year 2013, the US government accumulated nearly $200 billion in new debt– 20% of the way to a fresh trillion in just 31 days. 7) Not to mention, the numbers will only continue to get worse. 10,000 people each day begin receiving mandatory entitlements. Fewer people remain behind to pay into the system. The debt keeps rising, and interest payments will continue rising. 8) Curiously, a series of polls taken by ABC News/Washington Post and NBC News/Wall Street Journal show that while 80% of Americans are concerned about the debt, roughly the same amount (78%) oppose cutbacks to mandatory entitlements like Medicare. 9) Bottom line, the US government is legally bound to spend more money on mandatory entitlements and interest than it can raise in tax revenue. It won’t make a difference how high they raise taxes, or even if they cut everything else that remains in government as we know it. This is not a political problem, it’s a mathematical one. Facts are facts, no matter how uncomfortable they may be. Today’s election is merely a choice of who is going to captain the sinking Titanic. Average: 4.413795 Your rating: None Average: 4.4 ( 29 votes) Tweet Login or register to post comments 17511 reads Printer-friendly version Send to friend Similar Articles You Might Enjoy: Why A Balanced Budget Is Impossible In America Chart Of The Day: Entitlements Or Growth Taxes Vs Debt: Where Does US Funding Come From - Chart Of The Day Guest Post: Americans Want Smaller Government And Lower Taxes Spot The Unsustainable Entitlement
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