Productivity is the “left over” part of differences in output after accounting for the factors of production If factors of production are not properly measured, so would be the productivity estimates Some problems in the measurement of physical and human capitals k and h Example: when failed to consider the quality of schooling, using the simple number of years would tend to reduce or underestimate the true difference between the rich and poor economies, leading to overestimated effect of productivity on income variations.
“Much of what we experience in life results from a combination of skill and luck.” — From the Introduction The trick, of course, is figuring out just how many of our successes (and failures) can be attributed to each—and how we can learn to tell the difference ahead of time . In most domains of life, skill and luck seem hopelessly entangled. Different levels of skill and varying degrees of good and bad luck are the realities that shape our lives—yet few of us are adept at accurately distinguishing between the two. Imagine what we could accomplish if we were able to tease out these two threads, examine them, and use the resulting knowledge to make better decisions. In this provocative book, Michael Mauboussin helps to untangle these intricate strands to offer the structure needed to analyze the relative importance of skill and luck. He offers concrete suggestions for making these insights work to your advantage. Once we understand the extent to which skill and luck contribute to our achievements, we can learn to deal with them in making decisions. The Success Equation helps us move toward this goal by: • Establishing a foundation so we better understand skill and luck, and can pinpoint where each is most relevant • Helping us develop the analytical tools necessary to understand skill and luck • Offering concrete suggestions about how to take these findings and put them to work Showcasing Mauboussin’s trademark wit, insight, and analytical genius, The Success Equation is a must-read for anyone seeking to make better decisions—in business and in life.
差价合约可以反映股票或指数的价格变化并提供价格变动所带来的盈利或亏损，而无须实际拥有股票或指数期货。差价合约CFD是用保证金交易的，同股票实物交易一样，盈利或亏损是由您的买入和卖出价格决定的，差价合约CFD相对传统股票实物交易具有很多优势。 In finance, a contract for difference (or CFD) is a contract between two parties, typically described as "buyer" and "seller", stipulating that the buyer will pay to the seller the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at contract time. (If the difference is negative, then the seller pays instead to the buyer.) In effect CFDs are financial derivatives that allow traders to take advantage of prices moving up (long positions) or prices moving down (short positions) on underlying financial instruments and are often used to speculate on those markets.
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