恩格斯在马克思墓前曾经发表了一篇著名讲话,阐述了马克思主义劳动生产为本体的“劳动中心论”的基本原理:
“正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样,马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律,即历来为繁芜丛杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实:人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿,然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等;所以,直接的物质的生活资料的生产,从而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶段,便构成基础,人们的国家设施、法的观点、艺术以至宗教观念,就是从这个基础上发展起来的,因而,也必须由这个基础来解释,而不是像过去那样做得相反。”
更明确一点的表述则是:人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿,就是说首先必须劳动,然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动。
这是中译文,原文是英文:
"Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.”



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