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雷达卡
摘要翻译：
人们对货运、特别是重型卡车的电气化很感兴趣，以减少运输部门的温室气体排放。然而，电动半卡车的经济竞争力尚不确定，因为所需的大型电池组有大量额外的初始成本。在这项工作中，我们分析了初始投资和实际使用场景下的运营成本之间的权衡，并将行驶里程为500英里的电动半卡车车队与柴油卡车车队进行了比较。对于基线情况下，有30%的车队需要更换电池组，价格差为美国\50，000美元，我们发现投资回收期约为3年。基于灵敏度分析，我们发现需要更换电池组的机队比例是一个主要因素。对于置换率为100%的情况，投资回收期可能高达5-6年。我们认为电价是第二个最重要的变量，美国的电价为0.14美元/千瓦时，投资回收期可能会上升到5年。由于减少维修，电动半卡车预计将导致节省，这些节省的规模也可能在投资回收期发挥关键作用。随着自动驾驶汽车渗透率的提高，半卡车的年里程数可能会大幅增加，这严重倾向于电动半卡车，将年里程数12万英里的回收期降至2年左右。电动半卡车具有不可否认的经济性，开发循环寿命更长、比能量更高的电池组将使这种经济性更强。
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英文标题：
《Quantifying the Economic Case for Electric Semi-Trucks》
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作者：
Shashank Sripad and Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
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最新提交年份：
2018
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分类信息：
一级分类：Economics 经济学
二级分类：Econometrics 计量经济学
分类描述：Econometric Theory, Micro-Econometrics, Macro-Econometrics, Empirical Content of Economic Relations discovered via New Methods, Methodological Aspects of the Application of Statistical Inference to Economic Data.
计量经济学理论，微观计量经济学，宏观计量经济学，通过新方法发现的经济关系的实证内容，统计推论应用于经济数据的方法论方面。
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一级分类：Computer Science 计算机科学
二级分类：Systems and Control 系统与控制
分类描述：cs.SY is an alias for eess.SY. This section includes theoretical and experimental research covering all facets of automatic control systems. The section is focused on methods of control system analysis and design using tools of modeling, simulation and optimization. Specific areas of research include nonlinear, distributed, adaptive, stochastic and robust control in addition to hybrid and discrete event systems. Application areas include automotive and aerospace control systems, network control, biological systems, multiagent and cooperative control, robotics, reinforcement learning, sensor networks, control of cyber-physical and energy-related systems, and control of computing systems.
cs.sy是eess.sy的别名。本部分包括理论和实验研究，涵盖了自动控制系统的各个方面。本节主要介绍利用建模、仿真和优化工具进行控制系统分析和设计的方法。具体研究领域包括非线性、分布式、自适应、随机和鲁棒控制，以及混合和离散事件系统。应用领域包括汽车和航空航天控制系统、网络控制、生物系统、多智能体和协作控制、机器人学、强化学习、传感器网络、信息物理和能源相关系统的控制以及计算系统的控制。
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英文摘要：
There has been considerable interest in the electrification of freight transport, particularly heavy-duty trucks to downscale the greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector. However, the economic competitiveness of electric semi-trucks is uncertain as there are substantial additional initial costs associated with the large battery packs required. In this work, we analyze the trade-off between the initial investment and the operating cost for realistic usage scenarios to compare a fleet of electric semi-trucks with a range of 500 miles with a fleet of diesel trucks. For the baseline case with 30% of fleet requiring battery pack replacements and a price differential of US\$50,000, we find a payback period of about 3 years. Based on sensitivity analysis, we find that the fraction of the fleet that requires battery pack replacements is a major factor. For the case with 100% replacement fraction, the payback period could be as high as 5-6 years. We identify the price of electricity as the second most important variable, where a price of US$0.14/kWh, the payback period could go up to 5 years. Electric semi-trucks are expected to lead to savings due to reduced repairs and magnitude of these savings could play a crucial role in the payback period as well. With increased penetration of autonomous vehicles, the annual mileage of semi-trucks could substantially increase and this heavily sways in favor of electric semi-trucks, bringing down the payback period to around 2 years at an annual mileage of 120,000 miles. There is an undeniable economic case for electric semi-trucks and developing battery packs with longer cycle life and higher specific energy would make this case even stronger.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.05974
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