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摘要翻译：
在本文中，我讨论了演绎推理不是我们在科学中解释的唯一方式的现实。我讨论了生物圈适应的机会的作用，并声称这种机会是一个“盲目的最终原因”，不是一个有效的原因，但影响了进化。我还认为达尔文的提法是不能用充分的自然法来描述的。根据卡尔·波普尔爵士的一个论点，我主张没有定律或函数f在狭义相对论的背景下，把退相干过程从一个特定的时空切片映射到它的未来。如果是真的，这表明不可能有任何关于所有发生的事情的理论。然后我讨论我们是否可以将法律视为“使能约束”以及它们使能什么。最后，我建议我们可以考虑达尔文，而不是多元宇宙中的弱人择原理。一个单一的宇宙有一个非生物自然选择过程作为使能约束，而“获胜”的单一宇宙是我们的，这并不是不可能的。获胜的一个可能的标准可能是“邻近宇宙最迅速的增长”。
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英文标题：
《Towards a Post Reductionist Science: The Open Universe》
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作者：
Stuart Kauffman
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最新提交年份：
2009
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：History and Philosophy of Physics 物理学的历史与哲学
分类描述：History and philosophy of all branches of physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, including appreciations of physicists.
物理学、天体物理学和宇宙学的所有分支的历史和哲学，包括物理学家的赏析。
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology 其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
In this paper I discuss the reality that deductive inference is not the only way we explain in science. I discuss the role of the opportunity for an adaptation in the biosphere and claim that such an opportunity is a 'blind final cause', not an efficient cause, yet shapes evolution. I also argue that Darwinian exaptations are not describable by sufficient natural law. Based on an argument of Sir Karl Popper, I claim that no law, or function, f, maps a decoherence process in a Special Relativity setting from a specific space-time slice into its future. If true this suggests there can be no theory of everything entailing all that happens. I then discuss whether we can view laws as 'enabling constraints' and what they enable. Finally, in place of the weak Anthropic principle in a multiverse, I suggest that we might consider Darwin all the way down. It is not impossible that a single universe has an abiotic natural selection process for laws as enabling constraints and that the single universe that 'wins' is ours. One possible criterion of winning might be 'most rapid growth of the Adjacent Possible of the universe'.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.2492
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