老鼠和猫是新冠肺炎海鲜疫情中缺失的一环吗 市场？

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摘要翻译：
严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（新型冠状病毒）病毒引发了影响全球的新型冠状病毒病-2019（新冠肺炎）。像非典冠状病毒和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒一样，新型冠状病毒被认为起源于蝙蝠，然后通过中间宿主传播给人类。确定中间宿主物种对了解新冠病毒的进化和传播机制至关重要。然而，确定哪些动物是中间宿主仍然是一个关键的挑战。病毒宿主-基因组相似性(HGS)是反映病毒对宿主适应性的重要因素。新型冠状病毒可能保留有益的突变，以增加HGS和逃避宿主免疫系统。本研究调查了399株新型冠状病毒毒株与蝙蝠、鼠、猫、猪、蛇、狗、穿山甲、鸡、人、猴等10种不同宿主之间的HGSs。结果表明，新型冠状病毒和蝙蝠之间的HGS最高，其次是老鼠和猫。人类和猴子的HGS值最低。就基因相似性而言，老鼠和猴子介于蝙蝠和人类之间。此外，鉴于新冠肺炎疫情往往与活禽和海鲜市场有关，老鼠和猫更有可能是这些地方的传染源。但是，小鼠和猫是否是真正的中间宿主，还需要更多的实验数据来证实。这些发现提示，与人类生活密切相关的动物，尤其是高汞的动物，需要密切监测。
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英文标题：
《Are mouse and cat the missing link in the COVID-19 outbreaks in seafood
  markets?》
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作者：
Daniel H. Tao and Weitao Sun
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最新提交年份：
2020
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus caused the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) affecting the whole world. Like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 are thought to originate in bats and then spread to humans through intermediate hosts. Identifying intermediate host species is critical to understanding the evolution and transmission mechanisms of COVID-19. However, determining which animals are intermediate hosts remains a key challenge. Virus host-genome similarity (HGS) is an important factor that reflects the adaptability of virus to host. SARS-CoV-2 may retain beneficial mutations to increase HGS and evade the host immune system. This study investigated the HGSs between 399 SARS-CoV-2 strains and 10 hosts of different species, including bat, mouse, cat, swine, snake, dog, pangolin, chicken, human and monkey. The results showed that the HGS between SARS-CoV-2 and bat was the highest, followed by mouse and cat. Human and monkey had the lowest HGS values. In terms of genetic similarity, mouse and monkey are halfway between bat and human. Moreover, given that COVID-19 outbreaks tend to be associated with live poultry and seafood markets, mouse and cat are more likely sources of infection in these places. However, more experimental data are needed to confirm whether mouse and cat are true intermediate hosts. These findings suggest that animals closely related to human life, especially those with high HGS, need to be closely monitored.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.09911

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关键词：intermediate Quantitative Transmission Experimental intermediat 新冠 新型 综合征 病毒 bat