生物系统中标度定律简介

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摘要翻译：
本文研究了大小在生物有机体中的作用。更具体地说，用新陈代谢率表示的能量需求是如何根据生物体的质量而变化的。经验证据表明，质量与代谢率之间存在幂律关系，即异速律。对于维管生物，该幂律的指数β$小于1，这意味着规模经济；也就是说，有机体越大，每个细胞所需的能量就越少。然而，这个指数的数值是一个广泛争论的主题，也是比较生理学的中心问题。本文提供了一些经验数据，并详细讨论了解释这些问题的最成功的理论。从美国证券交易委员会的第一次经验洞察开始，也展示了历史的视角。19关于生物学中的标度性质，通过定量解释标度性质的两个更重要的理论。首先采用Rubner模型，考虑生物表面积和散热量，推导出$\beta=2/3$。其次是West-Brown-Enquist理论，该理论解释了这种尺度特性是营养分配网络分层和分形的结果，推导出$\beta=3/4$。
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英文标题：
《A Gentle Introduction to Scaling Laws in Biological Systems》
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作者：
Fabiano L. Ribeiro and William R. L. S. Pereira
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最新提交年份：
2021
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  This paper investigates the role of size in biological organisms. More specifically, how the energy demand, expressed by the metabolic rate, changes according to the mass of an organism. Empirical evidence suggests a power-law relation between mass and metabolic rate, namely allometric law. For vascular organisms, the exponent $\beta$ of this power-law is smaller than one, which implies scaling economy; that is, the greater the organism is, the lesser energy per cell it demands. However, the numerical value of this exponent is a theme of an extensive debate and a central issue in comparative physiology. It is presented in this work some empirical data and a detailed discussion about the most successful theories to explain these issues. A historical perspective is also shown, beginning with the first empirical insights in the sec. 19 about scaling properties in biology, passing through the two more important theories that explain the scaling properties quantitatively. Firstly, the Rubner model, that consider organism surface area and heat dissipation to derive $\beta = 2/3$. Secondly, the West-Brown-Enquist theory, that explains such scaling properties as a consequence of the hierarchical and fractal nutrient distribution network, deriving $\beta = 3/4$.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.01540

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关键词：生物系 Quantitative Hierarchical introduction distribution 标度 幂律 分层 beta 考虑