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摘要翻译：
由外部驱动的系统与多个储层交换能量和物质的动力学所产生的总熵产由一个主方程描述，表示为三个贡献之和，每个贡献对应于使系统脱离平衡的不同机制：非平衡初始条件、外部驱动和详细平衡的打破。对于这些贡献，我们导出了三个积分涨落定理，并证明它们导致了以下普遍不等式：任意非平衡变换总熵产的变化大于或等于当变换非常缓慢（绝热）时产生的变化。以前导出的涨落定理可以恢复为特例。我们展示了如何通过对耦合到两个具有外部变化化学势的储层的单能级量子点的电子进行计数统计来实验测试这些FTs。模拟了从绝热到突然切换极限的驱动协议的熵概率分布。
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英文标题：
《Entropy fluctuation theorems in driven open systems: application to
electron counting statistics》
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作者：
Massimiliano Esposito, Upendra Harbola and Shaul Mukamel
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics 统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
The total entropy production generated by the dynamics of an externally driven systems exchanging energy and matter with multiple reservoirs and described by a master equation is expressed as the sum of three contributions, each corresponding to a distinct mechanism for bringing the system out of equilibrium: nonequilibrium initial conditions, external driving, and breaking of detailed balance. We derive three integral fluctuation theorems (FTs) for these contributions and show that they lead to the following universal inequality: an arbitrary nonequilibrium transformation always produces a change in the total entropy production greater or equal than the one produced if the transformation is done very slowly (adiabatically). Previously derived fluctuation theorems can be recovered as special cases. We show how these FTs can be experimentally tested by performing the counting statistics of the electrons crossing a single level quantum dot coupled to two reservoirs with externally varying chemical potentials. The entropy probability distributions are simulated for driving protocols ranging from the adiabatic to the sudden switching limit.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/707.0962
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