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四、结束语
于成功时坦然转型,并转型成功,是诺德豪斯最与众不同之处。他26岁就获得博士学位和美国名校的教职,32岁成为正教授,在宏观经济学领域崭露头角。在取得这样令人艳羡的成绩时,他开始关注资源经济学。在随后几年中逐渐产生了认识上的转变,越来越关注碳排放和气候变化议题。年过不惑之后,在主流经济学领域已收获颇丰的诺德豪斯,开始艰难地转向气候变化经济学。经过九年之久的相对沉寂期,他终于开创性地构建出气候变化综合评估模型(IAM)。这个分析框架迅速成为从经济学角度分析气候变化的主流工具,甚至连本来专注于自然科学领域的IPCC也逐步吸收了诺德豪斯的分析思想。1991年后,其他的研究者也相继构造出众多不同的IAM模型,使得IAM渐有成为一个学科分支之势。不过,诺德豪斯的DICE和RICE模型始终是IAM中最有竞争力的两个。在哥本哈根气候峰会结束不到两个月,他就用RICE-2010给出了对这次峰会协议的学术性判断。如今,任何一个尝试在气候变化经济学领域耕耘的研究者,都无法忽略诺德豪斯的论文和著作。他观察问题的视角、构建的模型、所用的数据、编写的程序、近30年的长期坚持,甚至他那委婉、中肯的行文风格,对后来的人而言都是不可多得的财富。在不少业内人士看来,诺德豪斯问鼎诺贝尔经济学奖也许只是时间的迟早问题。
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(作者:向国成 李宾 田银华 湖南科技大学商学院)
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