发帖
雷达卡
英文标题：
《Gender income disparity in the USA: analysis and dynamic modelling》
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作者：
Ivan Kitov, Oleg Kitov
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最新提交年份：
2015
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英文摘要：
We analyze and develop a quantitative model describing the evolution of personal income distribution, PID, for males and females in the U.S. between 1930 and 2014. The overall microeconomic model, which we introduced ten years ago, accurately predicts the change in mean income as a function of age as well as the dependence on age of the portion of people distributed according to the Pareto law. As a result, we have precisely described the change in Gini ratio since the start of income measurements in 1947. The overall population consists of two genders, however, which have different income distributions. The difference between incomes earned by male and female population has been experiencing dramatic changes over time. Here, we model the internal dynamics of men and women PIDs separately and then describe their relative contribution to the overall PID. Our original model is refined to match all principal gender-dependent observations. We found that women in the U.S. are deprived of higher job positions. This is the cause of the long term income inequality between males and females in the U.S. It is unjust to women and has a negative effect on real economic growth. Women have been catching up since the 1960s and that improves the performance of the U.S. economy. It will take decades, however, to full income equality between genders. There are no new defining parameters included in the model except the critical age, when people start to lose their incomes, was split into two critical ages for low-middle incomes and the highest incomes, which obey a power law distribution. Such an extension becomes necessary in order to match the observation that the female population in the earlier 1960s was practically not represented in the highest incomes.
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中文摘要：
我们分析并开发了一个定量模型，描述了1930年至2014年间美国男性和女性的个人收入分配PID的演变。我们十年前引入的整体微观经济模型准确地预测了平均收入随年龄的变化，以及根据帕累托定律分配的部分人口对年龄的依赖性。因此，我们准确地描述了自1947年开始进行收入测量以来基尼比率的变化。然而，总人口由两种性别组成，他们的收入分配不同。随着时间的推移，男性和女性的收入差距正在经历巨大的变化。在这里，我们分别对男性和女性PID的内部动力学进行建模，然后描述它们对整体PID的相对贡献。我们对原始模型进行了改进，以匹配所有主要的性别相关观察结果。我们发现美国女性被剥夺了更高的职位。这是美国男女之间长期收入不平等的原因。这对女性不公平，对实际经济增长有负面影响。自20世纪60年代以来，女性一直在迎头赶上，这改善了美国经济的表现。然而，要实现男女收入的完全平等还需要几十年的时间。模型中没有新的定义参数，除了人们开始失去收入的临界年龄被分为中低收入和最高收入两个临界年龄，这两个年龄服从幂律分布。为了与20世纪60年代早期女性人口在最高收入中几乎没有代表性这一观察结果相匹配，这种延长是必要的。
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分类信息：
一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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