《Pricing under Fairness Concerns》
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作者:
Erik Eyster and Kristof Madarasz and Pascal Michaillat
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最新提交年份:
2020
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英文摘要:
This paper proposes a theory of pricing premised upon the assumptions that customers dislike unfair prices---those marked up steeply over cost---and that firms take these concerns into account when setting prices. Since they do not observe firms\' costs, customers must extract costs from prices. The theory assumes that customers infer less than rationally: when a price rises due to a cost increase, customers partially misattribute the higher price to a higher markup---which they find unfair. Firms anticipate this response and trim their price increases, which drives the passthrough of costs into prices below one: prices are somewhat rigid. Embedded in a New Keynesian model as a replacement for the usual pricing frictions, our theory produces monetary nonneutrality: when monetary policy loosens and inflation rises, customers misperceive markups as higher and feel unfairly treated; firms mitigate this perceived unfairness by reducing their markups; in general equilibrium, employment rises. The theory also features a hybrid short-run Phillips curve, realistic impulse responses of output and employment to monetary and technology shocks, and an upward-sloping long-run Phillips curve.
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中文摘要:
本文提出了一种定价理论,其前提是假设客户不喜欢不公平的价格,即那些明显高于成本的价格,并且企业在定价时考虑了这些担忧。由于他们不观察公司的成本,客户必须从价格中提取成本。该理论假设客户的推断不够理性:当价格因成本增加而上涨时,客户部分错误地将较高的价格归因于较高的加价,他们认为这是不公平的。企业预计到了这一反应,并削减了价格上涨幅度,从而将成本转移到1以下的价格:价格有点僵化。我们的理论植根于一种新的凯恩斯主义模型,以取代通常的价格摩擦,从而产生货币非中性:当货币政策放松、通货膨胀上升时,客户会误认为加价更高,并感到受到不公平的对待;公司通过降低加价来缓解这种感知的不公平;在一般均衡中,就业率上升。该理论还具有混合短期菲利普斯曲线、产出和就业对货币和技术冲击的现实脉冲响应以及向上倾斜的长期菲利普斯曲线。
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分类信息:
一级分类:Economics 经济学
二级分类:Theoretical Economics 理论经济学
分类描述:Includes theoretical contributions to Contract Theory, Decision Theory, Game Theory, General Equilibrium, Growth, Learning and Evolution, Macroeconomics, Market and Mechanism Design, and Social Choice.
包括对契约理论、决策理论、博弈论、一般均衡、增长、学习与进化、宏观经济学、市场与机制设计、社会选择的理论贡献。
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一级分类:Economics 经济学
二级分类:General Economics 一般经济学
分类描述:General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类:Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类:Economics 经济学
分类描述:q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学,包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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