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英文标题：
《The mitigating role of regulation on the concentric patterns of
  broadband diffusion. The case of Finland》
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作者：
Jaume Benseny, Juuso T\\\"oyli, Heikki H\\\"amm\\\"ainen, Andr\\\'es
  Arcia-Moret
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最新提交年份：
2020
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英文摘要：
  This article analyzes the role of Finnish regulation in achieving the broadband penetration goals defined by the National Regulatory Authority. It is well known that in the absence of regulatory mitigation the population density has a positive effect on broadband diffusion. Hence, we measure the effect of the population density on the determinants of broadband diffusion throughout the postal codes of Finland via Geographically Weighted Regression. We suggest that the main determinants of broadband diffusion and the population density follow a spatial pattern that is either concentric with a weak/medium/strong strength or non-concentric convex/concave. Based on 10 patterns, we argue that the Finnish spectrum policy encouraged Mobile Network Operators to satisfy ambitious Universal Service Obligations without the need for a Universal Service Fund. Spectrum auctions facilitated infrastructure-based competition via equitable spectrum allocation and coverage obligation delivery via low-fee licenses. However, state subsidies for fiber deployment did not attract investment from nationwide operators due to mobile preference. These subsidies encouraged demand-driven investment, leading to the emergence of fiber consumer cooperatives. To explain this emergence, we show that when population density decreases, the level of mobile service quality decreases and community commitment increases. Hence, we recommend regulators implementing market-driven strategies for 5G to stimulate local investment. For example, by allocating the 3.5 GHz and higher bands partly through local light licensing.
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中文摘要：
本文分析了芬兰监管在实现国家监管局规定的宽带普及目标方面的作用。众所周知，在缺乏监管缓解措施的情况下，人口密度对宽带扩散有积极影响。因此，我们通过地理加权回归来衡量人口密度对整个芬兰邮政编码宽带扩散决定因素的影响。我们认为，宽带扩散和人口密度的主要决定因素遵循一种空间模式，即弱/中/强强度同心或凸/凹非同心。基于10种模式，我们认为芬兰的频谱政策鼓励移动网络运营商履行雄心勃勃的普遍服务义务，而无需普遍服务基金。频谱拍卖通过公平的频谱分配和通过低费用许可证提供的覆盖义务，促进了基于基础设施的竞争。然而，由于移动偏好，国家对光纤部署的补贴并没有吸引全国运营商的投资。这些补贴鼓励了需求驱动的投资，导致了纤维消费合作社的出现。为了解释这一现象，我们表明，当人口密度降低时，移动服务质量水平降低，社区承诺增加。因此，我们建议监管机构实施5G市场驱动战略，以刺激当地投资。例如，部分通过本地灯光许可分配3.5 GHz及更高频段。
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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