Global Hydrogen Review 2022
Table of Contents
Executive summary4
Introduction11
Overview 12
The Hydrogen Initiative 13
Hydrogen is making inroads and accelerating as a consequence of the
energy crisis 14
Hydrogen demand 16
Overview and outlook17
Refining 20
Industry28
Transport39
Buildings56
Electricity generation63
Hydrogen production 69
Overview and outlook70
Electrolysis 74
Hydrogen production with CCUS 85
Comparison of hydrogen production routes91
Hydrogen-derived fuels99
Hydrogen infrastructure105
Hydrogen transport by pipeline 108
Underground hydrogen storage 123
Hydrogen transport by ships 131
Repurposing LNG infrastructure 142
Hydrogen clusters 151
Hydrogen trade160
Overview and outlook161
Developing international hydrogen markets172
Hydrogen policies180
Establish targets and/or long-term policy signals182
Support demand creation for low-emission hydrogen188
Mitigate investment risks 192
Promote R&D, innovation, strategic demonstration projects and knowledgesharing200
Regulatory frameworks, standards and certification systems207
Investment and innovation 213
Investment214
Innovation225
Hydrogen in a changing energy landscape 232
Opportunities for low-emission hydrogen to reduce fossil fuel use235
Opportunities and challenges to repurpose infrastructure for hydrogen use
259
Annexes 271
Explanatory notes272
Abbreviations and acronyms274
Units 278
Acknowledgements 280
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