发帖
雷达卡
Journal of Development Economics （双月刊）2013年第1期
——更多动态，请持续关注gzh：理想主义的百年孤独
1.Early childhood exposure to health insurance and adolescent outcomes: Evidence from rural China
儿童早期接触健康保险与青少年结局:来自中国农村的证据
Wei Huang, Hong Liu
This paper examines the impact of exposure to public health insurance in early life on outcomes in adolescence in rural China. Exploiting the variation in the county-by-county rollout of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) between 2003 and 2008, we find that exposure to the NCMS during ages 0–5 significantly improves health, cognitive, and educational outcomes during adolescence. In contrast, exposure after age five has no significant effects. Our further investigation provides evidence for several underlying mechanisms, such as improved prenatal care and birth outcomes, better preventive medical protection against childhood diseases, and lower risk in medical expenditure.
本文研究了中国农村青少年早期接受公共医疗保险对其健康状况的影响。利用2003年至2008年间各个县推行新合作医疗计划的差异，我们发现，在0-5岁期间接触新合作医疗计划显著改善了青少年时期的健康、认知和教育成果。相比之下，五岁以后的接触没有显著的影响。我们的进一步调查提供了一些潜在机制的证据，如改善产前护理和分娩结果，更好的预防儿童疾病的医疗保护，以及降低医疗支出风险。
2.Unilateral divorce rights, domestic violence and women’s agency: Evidence from the Egyptian
单方面离婚权利、家庭暴力与妇女机构:来自埃及的证据
Viola Corradini, Giulia Buccione
We investigate whether the introduction of the right to unilateral, no-fault, divorce for women has an impact on domestic abuse, investments in children’s human capital, women’s labor force participation, and other proxies of women’s agency in the context of the Egyptian Khul reform of 2000. We employ a difference in differences design, comparing mothers of children older than the age cutoffs used to assign the children’s custody to the mother, to mothers of younger children, before and after the reform. The first group of women is less affected by the legislative change in terms of being able to make credible divorce threats because it faces higher divorce costs, including the loss of alimony and the marital house. Results suggest that the introduction of Khul decreased domestic abuse and increased investments into children’s education while we do not find significant effects on labor force participation.
我们调查了在2000年埃及Khul改革的背景下，妇女单方面无过错离婚权的引入是否对家庭虐待、儿童人力资本投资、妇女劳动力参与和其他妇女机构的代理产生了影响。我们采用了双重差分设计，比较了在改革前后，孩子年龄大于将孩子监护权分配给母亲的年龄界限的母亲，以及孩子年龄较小的母亲。第一类妇女在能够提出可信的离婚威胁方面较少受到立法变化的影响，因为它面临更高的离婚成本，包括失去赡养费和婚房。结果表明，Khul的引入减少了家庭暴力，增加了子女教育投入，但对劳动力参与的影响不显著。
3. Across a few prohibitive miles: The impact of the Anti-Poverty Relocation Program in China
跨越令人望而却步的几英里:中国反贫困搬迁计划的影响研究
Across a few prohibitive miles: The impact of the Anti-Poverty Relocation Program in China
Li Zhang, Lunyu Xie, Xinye Zheng
Many households are confined to remote rural villages in the developing world. This study examines the Anti-Poverty Relocation Program in China, considering the village-to-town relocation from agricultural to non-agricultural sectors induced by the program. While exploring a novel administrative data set on impoverished people in a Chinese county, we discovered that the program significantly increased the participants’ income by 9.61%, driven mainly by the increase in wage income. The empirical findings are consistent with the Roy-model perspective, which states that rural households with comparative advantage in non-agricultural sectors could benefit from relocation to nearby towns. This study provides new evidence that mobility barriers across sectors exist even on a small geographic scale in rural areas. The results of the cost–benefit analysis suggest that relocation of households in remote rural areas is a feasible policy tool for overcoming such mobility barriers.
许多家庭被限制在发展中国家偏远的农村。本文研究了中国的扶贫搬迁计划，考虑了扶贫搬迁计划导致的农业部门向非农业部门的村庄转移。在探索中国一个县贫困人口的新行政数据集时，我们发现，该项目主要是由工资收入的增加驱动的，参与者的收入显著增加了9.61%。实证结果与roy模型的观点一致，即在非农部门具有比较优势的农村家庭可以从搬迁到附近城镇中获益。本研究提供了新的证据，表明农村地区即使在较小的地理范围内也存在跨部门流动障碍。成本效益分析结果表明，在偏远农村地区搬迁家庭是克服这种流动障碍的可行政策工具。
4.The effect of traffic cameras on police effort: Evidence from India
交通摄像头对警察工作的影响:来自印度的证据
Emily Conover, Daniel Kraynak, Prakarsh Singh
Using a novel data set on CCTV cameras in Chandigarh, India, we test whether police officers’ effort changes in response to the presence of traffic cameras. Although the cameras are useful in sanctioning drivers, they can also capture the passive (shirking) or active (rent-seeking) corruption of officers. Accounting for the spatial and temporal variations in the operation of the cameras, we find that the presence of a functioning camera results in an increase in on-the-ground tickets. Although we do not rule out possible decreases in rent-seeking behavior, a decline in passive corruption appears to be driving the increase in officer ticketing behavior, particularly for the most common vehicles and violations that can be observed from the CCTV cameras. Our findings indicate that remote monitoring technology can serve, if not a substitute for, then as a complement to on-the-ground enforcement.
利用印度昌迪加尔闭路电视摄像头的一组新数据，我们测试了警察的努力是否会随着交通摄像头的出现而改变。虽然摄像头在制裁司机方面很有用，但它们也可以捕捉到警察被动(逃避)或主动(寻租)的腐败行为。考虑到摄像机操作的空间和时间变化，我们发现功能摄像机的存在导致了地面门票的增加。虽然我们不排除寻租行为可能减少的可能性，但被动腐败的减少似乎推动了警官开罚单行为的增加，特别是对最常见的车辆和从闭路电视摄像头中可以观察到的违规行为。我们的研究结果表明，远程监控技术即使不能替代，也可以作为对实地执法的补充。
5.Idiosyncratic shocks and aggregate fluctuations in an emerging market
新兴市场的特殊冲击和总体波动
Francesco Grigoli, Emiliano Luttini, Damiano Sandri
This paper provides the first assessment of the contribution of idiosyncratic shocks to aggregate fluctuations in an emerging market using confidential data on the universe of Chilean firms. We find that idiosyncratic shocks account for more than 40 percent of the volatility of aggregate sales. Although quite large, this contribution is smaller than documented in previous studies based on advanced economies, despite a higher degree of market concentration in Chile. We show that this finding is explained by larger firms being less volatile and by weaker propagation effects across Chilean firms.
本文利用智利公司的机密数据首次评估了特殊冲击对新兴市场总体波动的贡献。我们发现，特质冲击对总销售额波动的影响超过40%。尽管智利的市场集中度较高，但这一贡献比以往以发达经济体为基础的研究中记录的要小。我们发现，这一发现可以解释为，大公司的波动性较小，在智利公司之间的传播效应较弱。
6.The short-lived effects of unconditional cash transfers to refugees
无条件向难民转移现金的短期影响
Onur Altındağ, Stephen D. O’Connell
We study two year-long unconditional cash-based assistance programs for Syrian refugees in Lebanon, and show that they improve consumption, child well-being, food security, and reduce livelihood coping. Despite high transfer values, we find no evidence of lasting effects at six months after either program ends. Households spend transfers on basic needs and take children out of work and re-enroll them in school. Beneficiaries increase cash savings and their stock of durable goods, but liquidate and spend these assets during or soon after the beneficiary period. The results are similar for longer assistance periods and across transfer modalities.
我们对在黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民进行了为期两年的无条件现金援助项目研究，发现这些项目改善了消费、儿童福利、粮食安全，并减少了生计应对。尽管转移价值很高，但我们没有发现任何证据表明在两个项目结束后6个月内存在持久影响。家庭将转移支付用于基本需求，让儿童失业并让他们重新入学。受益人增加现金储蓄和耐用品库存，但在受益人期间或之后不久将这些资产变现和支出。对于较长的援助期和不同的转移方式，结果是相似的。
京公网安备 11010802022788号
