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看目录就知道是基础教材了
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Descriptive Statistics 3
1.2 Inferential Statistics 3
1.3 Our Concern: Applied Statistics 4
1.4 Variables and Constants 6
1.5 Scales of Measurement 7
1.6 Scales of Measurement and Problems of Statistical Treatment 9
1.7 Do Statistics Lie? 10
Point of Controversy Are Statistical Procedures Necessary? 11
1.8 Some Tips on Studying Statistics 12
1.9 Statistics and Computers 13
1.10 Summary 14
CHAPTER 2
Frequency Distributions, Percentiles, and Percentile Ranks 17
2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data 18
2.2 Grouped Scores 19
2.3 How to Construct a Grouped Frequency Distribution 21
2.4 Apparent versus Real Limits 22
2.5 The Relative Frequency Distribution 22
2.6 The Cumulative Frequency Distribution 24
2.7 Percentiles and Percentile Ranks 25
2.8 Computing Percentiles from Grouped Data 26
2.9 Computation of Percentile Rank 28
2.10 Summary 29
CHAPTER 3
Graphic Representation of Frequency Distributions 33
3.1 Basic Procedures 34
3.2 The Histogram 34
3.3 The Frequency Polygon 36
3.4 Choosing between a Histogram and a Polygon 37
3.5 The Bar Diagram and the Pie Chart 38
3.6 The Cumulative Percentage Curve 41
3.7 Factors Affecting the Shape of Graphs 42
3.8 Shape of Frequency Distributions 43
3.9 Summary 45
CHAPTER 4
Central Tendency 48
4.1 The Mode 49
4.2 The Median 49
4.3 The Mean 50
4.4 Properties of the Mode 51
4.5 Properties of the Mean 52
Point of Controversy Is It Permissible to Calculate the Mean for Tests in the
Behavioral Sciences? 53
4.6 Properties of the Median 55
4.7 Measures of Central Tendency in Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Distributions 56
4.8 The Effects of Score Transformations 57
4.9 Summary 57
CHAPTER 5
Variability and Standard (z) Scores 61
5.1 The Range and Semi-Interquartile Range 63
5.2 Deviation Scores 64
5.3 Deviational Measures: The Variance 64
5.4 Deviational Measures: The Standard Deviation 66
5.5 Calculation of the Variance and Standard Deviation:
Raw-Score Method 66
5.6 Calculation of the Standard Deviation with IBM SPSS (formerly SPSS) 68
Point of Controversy Calculating the Sample Variance: Should We Divide by n or (n 1)? 71
5.7 Properties of the Range and Semi-Interquartile Range 72
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