Structural
view of language sees languages as a linguistic system made up of various
subsystems
(Larsen-Freeman&Long)
:Phonology
, morphology, syntax.
语言的结构观把语言看作是由各种子系统组成的语言系统(
弗里曼&朗):音位学、形态学、句法。
Functional view: communicative needs of the
learner (
Johnson and Marrow
), the functional view not only sees languages as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things.
Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities:
offering, suggesting, advising,
and apologizing
.功能观:学习者的 ...


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