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英文文献：Working Paper 327 - Poverty in Nigeria: A Multidimensional Approach-工作文件327 - - -尼日利亚的贫困:多维方法
英文文献作者：Zerihun G. Alemu
英文文献摘要：
This paper uses a multidimensional approach to measure the level of poverty in Nigeria and its distribution across zones and states. It examines the contribution of wellbeing indicators to average poverty and offers a tool to assist at various stages of project planning. The study finds the following: (i) Poverty in Nigeria is high, averaging52 percent, whether defined by income or by a combination of income and nonincome factors. This could be explained by the structure of growth and by the lack of pro-poor spending policies. (ii) Three geopolitical zones in the north–North East, North West, and North Central–account for most of Nigeria’s poverty. (iii) Higher average deprivation in some states could be explained by variations in service delivery. (iv) State-level variations in average deprivation are the greatest in education, dwelling, energy, and toilet facilities. Conversely, average deprivation is the highest but variations across states the lowest in employment, income, sanitation, and access to water. This implies that a combination of both state and federal poverty reduction policies are required. (v) Households attach more weight to education, energy, and employment, implying that interventions in these areas could significantly reduce poverty in Nigeria. JEL classification: I31, I32, I38
本文使用多维的方法来衡量尼日利亚的贫困水平及其在地区和州之间的分布。它审查了福利指标对平均贫困的贡献，并提供了在项目规划的各个阶段提供协助的工具。该研究发现如下:(i)尼日利亚的贫困率很高，平均为52%，无论是根据收入还是根据收入和非收入因素的组合来定义。这可以由增长结构和缺乏有利于穷人的支出政策来解释。尼日利亚的贫穷主要来自东北、西北和中北部的三个地缘政治地区。有些国家的平均贫困程度较高，可以用提供服务的差异来解释。(四)在教育、住房、能源和厕所设施方面，各州平均贫困程度的差异最大。相反，平均贫困程度最高，但各州之间在就业、收入、卫生和获得水方面的差异最低。这意味着需要结合州和联邦的减贫政策。家庭更加重视教育、能源和就业，这意味着在这些领域的干预可以大大减少尼日利亚的贫穷。JEL分类:I31, I32, I38
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