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英文文献：Coworking Spaces in La Paz, Bolivia: Urban Effects and Potential Creation of New Opportunities for Local Economic Development-玻利维亚拉巴斯的共同工作空间:城市效应和当地经济发展新机会的潜在创造
英文文献作者：Lucas DuPriest
英文文献摘要：
This paper investigates the location patterns of coworking spaces, the effects of coworking spaces on the local and urban context, and coworking spaces potential opportunities for the creation of local economic development, issues that have been neglected in a Bolivian context by the existing literature. The focus of this paper is on La Paz, Bolivia’s political capital and the city in Bolivia which host the largest number of coworking spaces. The paper addresses three main questions: (1) Where are the main locations of coworking spaces in La Paz? (2) to what extent do coworking spaces generate transformative effects on the local respectively the urban scale? (e.g. physical transformations, changes in practices, community building) (3) how do coworking spaces create potential opportunities for local economic development? Desk research demonstrated that location patterns of coworking spaces are concentrated to two main commercial areas of the city, as well as to the main infrastructural and transportation axes. Field research highlighted local and urban effects, such as local community initiatives and micro-urban transformations in both spaces and practices. Lastly, field research assessed coworking spaces role in the socio-economic ecosystem. Three main typologies have been identified: the first type of coworking spaces act as “social entrepreneurship and start-up incubators” with a supportive role and closer ties to social and urban issues, the second type of coworking spaces act as “coffee and cowork incubators” providing cafés with shared workspaces, the third type of coworking spaces act as “real estate business incubators” and are mainly a commercial product responding the demand for flexible office spaces. This paper, therefore, helps to fill the gap in the literature about the location patterns of these new working spaces and their effects at different scales both in terms of spaces and practices, as well as local economic development.
本文探讨了共同办公空间的区位模式、共同办公空间对当地和城市文脉的影响、共同办公空间对当地经济发展创造的潜在机遇，以及现有文献在玻利维亚文脉中被忽视的问题。本文的重点是拉巴斯，玻利维亚的政治首都，在玻利维亚，拥有最多的共同工作空间的城市。这篇论文提出了三个主要问题:(1)在拉巴斯，共同工作空间的主要位置在哪里?(2)协同工作空间分别在多大程度上对当地城市尺度产生变革性影响?(例如:实体转变、实践改变、社区建设)(3)共同工作空间如何为当地经济发展创造潜在机会?办公桌研究表明，共同办公空间的位置模式集中在城市的两个主要商业区，以及主要的基础设施和交通轴线。实地研究强调了当地和城市的影响，例如当地社区的倡议和微观城市在空间和实践中的转变。最后，实地研究评估了共同工作空间在社会经济生态系统中的作用。三个主要类型已确定:第一种共同办公空间作为“社会企业家和创业孵化器”和一个支持性的作用和社会之间的紧密联系和城市问题,第二种类型的共同办公空间作为“咖啡和孵化器中相互协作”为咖啡馆提供共享工作区,共同办公空间的第三种类型作为“房地产企业孵化器”,主要是一个商业产品反应灵活办公空间的需求。因此，本文有助于填补文献中关于这些新工作空间的区位模式及其在不同尺度上对空间和实践以及当地经济发展的影响的空白。
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