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英文文献：A Quantitative Measure to Compare the Disciplinary Profiles of Research Systems and Their Evolution Over Time-一种定量的方法来比较研究系统的学科概况及其随时间的演变
英文文献作者：Irene Bongioanni,Cinzia Daraio,Giancarlo Ruocco
英文文献摘要：
We model Science and Technology (S&T) systems as complex systems and propose to use the mathematical tools developed within the spin-glasses literature to evaluate similarity within systems and between systems in a unified manner. Our measure is based on the ???overlap??? of disciplinary profiles of a set of S&T systems. The investigation of the distribution of the overlaps provides useful insights on the dynamics of the general system, that is whether it converges towards a unique disciplinary structure or to a differentiated pattern. We illustrate the usefulness of the approach by investigating the dynamics of disciplinary profiles of European countries from 1996 to 2011. We analyse several bibliometric indicators (including publications and citations) of European countries in the 27 Scopus subject categories. We compare the disciplinary profiles of European countries i) among them; ii) with respect to the European standard; and iii) to the World reference. We find that there is a convergence towards a unique European disciplinary profile of the scientific production even if large differences in the scientific profiles still remain. The investigation of the dynamics by year shows that developing countries are converging towards the European model whilst some developed countries are departing from it.
我们将科学技术系统建模为复杂系统，并建议使用自旋眼镜文献中开发的数学工具，以统一的方式评估系统内部和系统之间的相似性。我们的衡量标准是基于一个??overlapa??纪律概要文件的一组科技系统。对重叠分布的研究为研究一般系统的动力学提供了有益的见解，即它是趋向于一种独特的学科结构还是一种不同的模式。我们通过调查1996年至2011年欧洲国家学科概况的动态来说明该方法的有效性。我们分析了27个Scopus主题类别中欧洲国家的一些文献计量指标(包括出版物和引文)。我们比较了欧洲国家的学科概况:1)其中;ii)参照欧洲标准;三)对世界的借鉴。我们发现，尽管在科学概况上仍然存在很大的差异，但在科学生产方面，存在着一种独特的欧洲学科概况的趋同。按年进行的动态调查显示，发展中国家正在向欧洲模式靠拢，而一些发达国家正在背离这种模式。
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