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英文文献：Price discrimination and product quality under opt-in privacy regulation-自由选择隐私监管下的价格歧视与产品质量
英文文献作者：Chiara Conti,Pierfrancesco Reverberi
英文文献摘要：
We study how privacy regulation limiting the scope for price discrimination by a monopolist who sells online affects product quality and consumer surplus. We consider an opt-in regime where consumers may share personal data or not, in line with the recent EU GDPR. If consumers share data, they gain an additional benefit from buying related to the complementarity between information and quality, and they pay personalized prices instead of a uniform price. We find that, if the complementarity is strong enough, then product quality is higher with than without the opt-in regime. We also find that the opt-in regime has conflicting effects on consumers with different attitudes towards privacy, and that an increase in quality is a necessary condition for improving total consumer surplus. Overall, this study contributes to the debate on privacy protection by stressing the importance of analysing the relation between personal information and product quality.
我们研究了隐私监管限制了垄断者在网上销售时的价格歧视范围，如何影响产品质量和消费者剩余。我们考虑一种选择加入的制度，消费者可以分享或不分享个人数据，符合最近的欧盟GDPR。如果消费者共享数据，他们就能从购买中获得与信息和质量之间的互补性相关的额外好处，而且他们会支付个性化的价格，而不是统一的价格。我们发现，当互补性足够强时，有选择加入制度的产品质量比没有选择加入制度的产品质量高。我们还发现，选择加入制度对不同隐私态度的消费者有相互冲突的影响，质量的提高是提高消费者总剩余的必要条件。总的来说，本研究强调了分析个人信息和产品质量之间的关系的重要性，这有助于隐私保护的争论。
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