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英文文献：The Impact of Formal Institutions on Knowledge Economy-正式制度对知识经济的影响
英文文献作者：Antonio R. Andrés,Asongu Simplice,Voxi S. H. Amavilah
英文文献摘要：
Using Kauffman, Kraay, and Mastruzzi governance indicators, this article analyzes the impact of formal institutions on the knowledge economy- by assessing how the enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) through good governance mechanisms affects the knowledge economy. The article also employs the World Bank’s four components of the knowledge economy index characteristic of its knowledge for development (K4D) framework. We estimate panel data models for 22 Middle East & North African and Sub-Sahara African countries over the period 1996-2010. The results show that for this group of countries the enforcement of IPR laws (treaties), although necessary, is not a sufficient condition for a knowledge economy. The results also suggest that other factors are more likely to determine the knowledge economies of these nations. Overall these findings have important implications for both policy and further research.
本文利用考夫曼、Kraay和Mastruzzi治理指标，通过评估通过良好治理机制实施的知识产权如何影响知识经济，分析了正规机构对知识经济的影响。本文还采用了世界银行的知识经济指数特征的知识发展知识(K4D)框架的四个组成部分。我们估计了22个中东、北非和撒哈拉以南非洲国家在1996-2010年期间的面板数据模型。研究结果表明，对这类国家来说，知识产权法律(条约)的执行虽然是必要的，但并不是知识经济的充分条件。研究结果还表明，其他因素更有可能决定这些国家的知识经济。总的来说，这些发现对政策和进一步的研究都有重要的意义。
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