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英文文献：Adoption of improved crop varieties by involving farmers in the e-wallet program in Nigeria-通过让农民参与尼日利亚的电子钱包项目来采用改良的作物品种
英文文献作者：Joseph I. Uduji,Elda N. Okolo-Obasi
英文文献摘要：
The amount of improved seed used in Nigeria is extremely low. Overall, only 5 to 10 percent of cultivated land is planted with improved seeds, and about 10 percent of rural farmers use improved varieties. The objective of this investigation was to identify determinants of adoption of improved seed by farmers not participating in and those participating in the federal government’s e-wallet program in Nigeria. We determined the impact of the e-wallet program on adoption of improved seed in rural areas. One thousand, two hundred (1200) rural farmers were sampled across six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results from the use of a bivariate probit model indicated that the e-wallet program continued to become increasingly popular among rural farmers; and that farmers’ literacy, ownership of a mobile phone, value output, mobile network coverage, power for charging phone batteries and contact with extension agents were the positive determinants of farmer participation in thee-wallet program. Cultural obstacles to married women, growers’ age, and increased distance to registration and input collection centers reduced farmers’ tendency to participate in the e-wallet program. The results also showed that rural farmers depended on the e-wallet program for increased use and adoption of improved seed in Nigeria, to boost food security in sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggested the need for an improved e-wallet model by lessening constraints mostly associated with rural information and communication infrastructure, and distance to the registration and input collection centers.
尼日利亚使用的改良种子数量非常少。总体而言，只有5% - 10%的耕地种植良种，约10%的农村农民使用良种。这项调查的目的是确定在尼日利亚未参与和参与联邦政府电子钱包计划的农民采用改良种子的决定因素。我们确定了电子钱包计划对农村地区采用改良种子的影响。在尼日利亚的六个地缘政治区域，对1200名农村农民进行了采样。使用双变量probit模型的结果表明，电子钱包计划继续在农村农民中越来越受欢迎;农民的文化程度、拥有手机、价值输出、移动网络覆盖、手机充电能力和与推广代理的联系是农民参与电子钱包计划的积极决定因素。已婚妇女的文化障碍，种植者的年龄，以及与登记和输入收集中心的距离增加，都降低了农民参与电子钱包计划的倾向。结果还显示，尼日利亚的农村农民依赖电子钱包项目来增加使用和采用改良种子，以提高撒哈拉以南非洲地区的粮食安全。结果表明，电子钱包需要改进的模式，减少主要与农村信息和通信基础设施有关的限制，以及到登记和输入收集中心的距离。
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