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英文文献：Supermarkets, farm household income and poverty: Insights from Kenya-超市，农户收入和贫困:肯尼亚的见解
英文文献作者：Rao, Elizaphan J.O.,Qaim, Matin
英文文献摘要：
Expansion of supermarkets in developing countries is increasingly providing opportunities for farmers to participate in modern supply chains. While some farmers are excluded by stringent supermarket requirements, there are important gains for participating farmers. However, studies analyzing income effects of high-value chains use approaches that either show no causality or ignore structural differences between farmers in different channels. Using endogenous switching regression and data from a survey of vegetable growers in Kenya, we account for systematic differences and show that participation in supermarket chains yields 50% gain in household income leading to 33% reduction in poverty. Supermarket expansion is therefore likely to have substantial welfare effects if more farmers are supported to overcome inherent entry barriers.
发展中国家超市的扩张为农民参与现代供应链提供了越来越多的机会。虽然一些农民被严格的超市要求排除在外，但参与的农民还是有重要收获的。然而，分析高价值链收入效应的研究使用的方法要么没有显示因果关系，要么忽略不同渠道农民之间的结构性差异。利用内生转换回归和对肯尼亚蔬菜种植者的调查数据，我们考虑了系统差异，并表明参与连锁超市可以使家庭收入增加50%，从而减少33%的贫困。因此，如果支持更多的农民克服固有的进入壁垒，超市扩张可能会产生实质性的福利效应。
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