【latex版】水贴

有很多人说 2015 年上映的《侏罗纪世界》不及以往的《侏罗纪公园》系列作品，只因前者用上大量的电脑特效去生成电影画面，而《星球大战 VII：原力觉醒》的制作团队则很明白影迷的心态，而采用了一个「变中无变」，变的当然是电影的内容，不过不变的则是制作时依然采用大量真实场景和真实效果。

掐指一算，距离小米发布初代红米 Note，已经过去了有快一年半的时间。那作为贡献销量的主力军之一，也差不多是时候更新第二代产品了。果然，今天早些时候两款造型相同，型号分别为「2015051」和「2015052」的小米新机便出现在了工信部网站上。以外观来说，它们基本上沿袭了红米系列的设计语言（比如说正面三颗红色按键），比较明显的改变，就是微微凸起的主相机变成了圆形，然后喇叭条也被放到了背盖下方中间的位置。 至于规格部分，两款设备均搭载八核心 2GHz 处理器，同时有 5.5 吋 1080p 屏幕..

Adaptive clinical trial design methods have garnered growing attention in the recent years, in large part due to their greater flexibility over their traditional counterparts. One such design is the so-called covariate-adjusted, response-adaptive (CARA) randomized controlled trial (RCT). In a CARA RCT, the treatment randomization schemes are allowed to depend on the patient’s pre-treatment covariates, and the investigators have the opportunity to adjust these schemes during the course of the trial based on accruing information (including previous responses), in order to meet a pre-specified optimality criterion, while preserving the validity of the trial in learning its primary study parameter.

In this article, we propose a new group-sequential CARA RCT design and corresponding analytical procedure that admits the use of flexible data-adaptive techniques. The proposed design framework can target general adaption optimality criteria that may not have a closed-form solution, thanks to a loss- based approach in defining and estimating the unknown optimal randomization scheme. Both in predicting the conditional response and in constructing the treatment randomization schemes, this framework uses loss-based data-adaptive estimation over general classes of functions (which may change with sample size). Since the randomization adaptation is response-adaptive, this innovative flexibility potentially translates into more effective adaptation towards the optimality criterion. To target the primary study parameter, the proposed analytical method provides robust inference of the parameter, despite arbitrarily mis-specified response models, under the most general settings.

Specifically, we establish that, under appropriate entropy conditions on the classes of functions, the resulting sequence of randomization schemes converges to a fixed scheme, and the proposed treatment effect estimator is consistent (even under a mis-specified response model), asymptotically Gaussian, and gives rise to valid confidence intervals of given asymptotic levels. Moreover, the limiting randomization scheme coincides with the unknown optimal randomization scheme when, simultaneously, the response model is correctly specified and the optimal scheme belongs to the limit of the user-supplied classes of randomization schemes. We illustrate the applicability of these general theoretical results with a LASSO- based CARA RCT. In this example, both the response model and the optimal treatment randomization are estimated using a sequence of LASSO logistic models that may increase with sample size. It follows immediately from our general theorems that this LASSO-based CARA RCT converges to a fixed design and yields consistent and asymptotically Gaussian effect estimates, under minimal conditions on the smoothness of the basis functions in the LASSO logistic models. We exemplify the proposed methods with a simulation study.

• Pair beat Alexander Peya and Timea Babos 6-1, 6-1 in 41 minutes
• Hingis’ mixed success follows up victory in the women’s doubles
Such was Martina Hingis’s excitement at winning her first Wimbledon title in 17 years in the ladies’ doubles on Saturday night that she could not get to sleep until 3am – but if anything she was even more dazzling less than 24 hours later as she and the Indian maestro Leander Paes took the mixed doubles crown.

Between them Hingis and Paes have a combined age of 76 but they were far too clever for the crash-bang tennis of the fifth seeds Alexander Peya and Timea Babos as they galloped to a 6-1, 6-1 victory in just 41 minutes.

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The living wage is a triumph for modernising Conservatives. But these new hunting proposals would be a crass step backwards

It nearly happened in 2013. Two years ago, George Osborne and his circle came close to recommending the introduction by the coalition of a national living wage – a pay floor that was decent rather than merely survivable. But, on that occasion, the chancellor stayed his hand for two reasons.

First, the Liberal Democrats would not have tolerated the welfare cuts that Osborne’s Tory team considered an essential corollary of a compulsory living wage. Second, he knew that the Lib Dems would claim credit for the measure, a “compassionate” sweetener for Tory austerity, and spin the line that Nick Clegg had argued for a higher rate per hour than David Cameron and Osborne would allow. According to one ministerial ally of the chancellor: “We knew we’d be reading in the press the weekend after the budget that Nick had pressed for ￡10.”

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